Psychometric Evaluation Of A New Measure Of Dispositional Optimism

In the words of Winston Churchill, "The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty." When we are optimistic that we can get a job done, or that we can find a cure for a disease, we are more motivated, and we work harder. A scientist who is pessimistic that they will never find a cure for a specific disease will have a mental mind block against finding a cure for a disease, making it considerably harder for them to find a cure. However, a scientist who is optimistic about finding a cure for a disease will be motivated and more focused on their dedication to discovering a cure for a disease such as cancer. When you are optimistic, you are more motivated, and when you are motivated, you are more productive, consequently making optimism a particularly important priority in everyday

Optimism in some cases is a desirable trait due to its fundamental nature. Being optimistic allows people to keep their head high and keep moving, even through the most dire situations that they may face. Optimism is a priority because it helps people in various ways and, also a very prominent trait in some people. In life, optimism is often viewed as a desirable trait, and something that can benefit somebody’s life.

Chasing optimism in the face of challenges is a requirement that humans must conform to in order to live a fulfilled life. Studies prove that optimists tend to be healthier through the hardships they face no matter how severe. Even when in the face of challenges, being optimistic will lead you to be more successful in every aspect. Not only will you be healthier, being optimistic leads to great achievements in life. It also guides you to have better character. This essay will outline why you must always chase optimism even in challenges' face.

The mean age of the participants was 19.3 which means our sample was very close to the average age of college students. The standard deviation between participants was .955, the minimum age was 18 years old and the maximum was 22 years old. 3 out of the 102 participants age were missing from the data. The question responses were used to find the standard deviation and mean for the Big Five personality trait score. The Big Five personality traits are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experiences. The response scales for these were from a 1 to 7, with a range of 6. The higher the response score the more the participant agreed with the statement and the lower the score less the participant

Human Synergistic International’s Life style Inventory survey has provided me with very insightful information on my thinking and

This is untrue due to the research conducted. It was found that people with higher expectations are happier. When they succeed they are happier and when they fail they strive to do better next time to get to their goal(s). The people who set lower expectations will not feel the same amount of happiness when they finish goal because of it being a low expectation. Another reason low expectations don’t work well is because they usually lack the anticipation of succeeding. The anticipation will make people generally happier and Dr. Sharot talks about Friday being the best day of the work week because of the anticipation of the weekend. She concludes with optimism being good because it makes you try harder and lowers stress and anxiety. Overconfidence while similar to optimism bias has its own effect on decision making. Overconfidence will usually make us think we are capable of completing tasks quickly that should take multiple days/hours. This overconfidence it what makes students say they think they can get the assignment done in one class period even though they haven't done that worksheet before. Belief perseverance is also a way our beliefs neglect the facts because of what we

The personality trait from the mini IPIP6 –scale descriptions analysed in this report is Extraversion. With a mean score of 5.5 compared to the mean score of sample 4.05, standard deviation of 1.17 and z score of 1.24, over all I scored above average compared to the mean total score of participants. By incorporating previous research on Extroversion and the mini –IPIP6 scale, an observation can be made that my score was above average due to my lack in introvert behaviours. These scales are self-reported data (S- Data), which can decrease the validity as self- report data can only measure what the individual is willing to express. The personality trait from Jackson-5 Scales of revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory - Scale description analysed

The purpose of this paper is to examine a synopsis of three different common personality assessment tests. The paper discusses the comparisons and the contrasts of the Sixteen Personality Fact Questionnaire, Rorschach Inkblots, and Self-Help Books that are use to assess personality. All of these assessments were design to help

Participants responded to each of the 29 items on this questionnaire using a six-point Likert scale ranging from one (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree). Each of the twenty nine individual answers we added up and divided by the number of questions. Higher scores on the study indicated higher levels of happiness.

This paper looked at a variety of factors that could be predicted using the Big Five inventory such as: academic performance, social media use, work performance and satisfaction, mental and physical health, and satisfaction within romantic relationships; as well as the relationships between these variables. As mentioned prior, the Big Five inventory has been implemented by many researchers regarding a multitude of studies because of its simplicity and validity. As referenced throughout the paper, there were a variety of studies which implemented the Big Five inventory and the results of these studies were similar with synonymous studies. Although the Big Five is one of the primary modes for assessing personality, personality psychologists are

The study was conducted using the IPIP measure scales; (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Openness, Agreeableness & Conscientiousness), (Goldberg, 1999) and the Big Five Factor Model which measure the personality factors of the Big Five (Costa & McCrae, 1992). The four goals of Psychology was taken into consideration using the 25-item translated questionnaire with a 5 point Likert scale.

Personality is a large part of being human, as each person has a unique set of characteristics and traits. One person can be kind and patient and another can be rude and ill tempered. This variability is both what makes the study of personality fascinating and incredibly difficult. Although there are a myriad of different personality traits that can be used to describe a person, psychologists have narrowed it down to five overarching ideas. These are commonly referred to as the “Big Five” personality traits and they consist of, neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness. In particular, this study will focus on neuroticism, the trait that is characterized by high emotionality and instability, anxiety, and irritability (Soto, John, Gosling, & Potter 2011). Of the five, neuroticism is the only one with a negative connotation, which separates it from the others. Nonetheless, despite its poor reputation, neuroticism is an incredibly important trait to study as it is often linked with anxiety and depression (Soto et al., 2011). For example, one study found that participants who were clinically depressed and those who were not but scored highly on the neuroticism scale both had significantly greater negative self-perceptions (Thomson, 2016). Although currently there is only a correlation between these mental disorders and neuroticism, further experimentation could lead to more conclusive result. Recently, mental health has

In the discipline of personality psychology, it is crucial for researchers to conduct studies using universal terms and scales, so that they may effectively compare results and further their line of research. However, when it concerns personality traits, such a comprehensive catalogue has not always been available – in fact, it has taken until up until the late 20th century to develop a list of essential personality traits and create scales that measure these dimensions reliably (John, Naumann, & Soto, 2008). The current set of these widely used traits is called the “Big Five” personality traits, and encompasses five broad dimensions - Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. Of the five, this paper will focus on Conscientiousness, a trait that describes individuals with impulse control who are highly organized, thorough, planful, efficient, responsible, reliable, and dependable, to name just a handful of characteristics associated with the trait (John, Naumann, & Soto, 2008). Those low in the trait, on the other hand, are more frequently careless and irresponsible (McShane & Steen, 2012). Although studies have shown Conscientiousness to be a predictor of various life outcomes such as health and longevity, this paper will focus on the findings that support Conscientiousness as a predictor of job performance and, when one is high in the trait, success in

Optimistic and pessimistic attitudes constantly affect the outcome of people's lives. In my life, I try to keep an optimistic attitude about the things I do because I know it will help lead me to more desirable ends. There have been many situations in which optimism has helped me through difficult times. Two areas in particular have provided me optimistic experiences: athletics

Radosevich, D. J., Levine, M. S., Sumner, K. E., Knight, M. B., Arendt, L. A., & Johnson, V. A. (2009). The role of expectancy theory in goal striving processes. Journal Of The Academy Of Business & Economics, 9(4), 186-192.