Q1. List six major steps that you would take in setting up a database for a particular enterprise.
Following are the six steps that I would take in setting up a database:
1. Requirement analysis
Understanding the business model of enterprise and identifying the entities of that model is the first step in setting up database. Requirements analysis includes tasks of determining the needs or conditions to meet. Requirement specification document will be generated at the end of this step.
2. Defining a model
Database model defines the logical structure of the database by determining manner in which the data will be stored. Relational model is one of the most popular database models, which defines tables and relationships between the tables.
3. Defining integrity Constraints
Integrity constraints
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Create views
This step includes the task of describing a subset of data for each type of user based on his/her privileges and requirements. This is done to ensure that no additional information is given to the user. Views provide a level of abstraction to the database.
6. Initialize the database
After above 5 steps are done, create/initialize the database by adding tuples in appropriate fields.
Q2. Explain the difference between physical and logical data independence.
Data independence is the ability to make changes in the definition and organization of data without requiring any changes in application programs. Each higher level of the data architecture is immune to changes of the next lower level of the architecture. Physical and logical data independence differ in type of changes that can be made without affecting working of higher levels.
Logical data independence is the ability to change logical schema without changing external schema or user view. In simple words, format used for data storage and format used for data presentation are independent. Such modifications include adding an attribute in existing table or adding a relationship between existing
For this assignment, you will NOT create a database. You will list the type of data you want to collect, group it accordingly, break it into field and determine attributes. Think about how the different pieces of data relate to one another and what purpose they serve. You may use Excel, Word, or Visio for this assignment.
2. using the data requirements and the business rules provided, develop a conceptual model (ERD), including attribute data types and required field lengths; and
A relational database is a database that consists of a collection of tables with columns showing entities, and rows showing data. This type of database uses a primary key and foreign key. The foreign key in another table will point to the primary key of a table, and this is how tables can relate to each other. This permits for one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationship between the data. An advantage of relational databases includes the ease of adding or modifying new tables and entities without needing to change the structure of the database already in place. Relational database have many features, including indexing, setting data type, and setting validation tests, all these help to ensure data integrity.
The data structure represents the logical relationships between data elements. In addition the data also determines the organizational structure, access methods, and alternative processing assosiativitas level for information.
A Table is where you are organised and store data so you have to create the table before store any data. By creating table, you need to define few things, Fields name, Data type, and the Description.
What is meant by requirements gathering, and why is it important to clearly define the data requirements of a database before creating it?
11. Reviewing the TCO’s will also be a great preparation for the final exam which I have listed below for your
By looking at the flow diagram above we can see that there are seven entities required in order to operate the database system accordingly to meet our specified criteria. The entities are as follows.
The objective of this lab is to teach you how to develop and use basic stored
Firstly an entity is basically an entity of significance which data must be captured; also there are some examples of entities such as stock supplier and order. Furthermore in relational databases every entity is usually kept in a separate table. Also I have to make sure that put the employee details,
Database system have been inseparable with our daily life, since IBM developed the hierarchical database management system in 1969, database system has been innovated many times, such as hierarchical database, network database, relational database, and object-oriented database. Nowadays, relational database still is the most popular model used by different industries; this article is going to introduce the history of the relational database.
The relational model organizes data into multiple tables and assigns a value to attributes in each row and column, with a unique key for each row. Other tables can use these keys to access the data without reorganizing the table.
Identify the primary keys (1 mark), the foreign keys (1 mark), and the constraints (1 mark).
Data independence is the property that lets you change the structure of a database without requiring you to change the programs that access the database. With data independence, you easily can change the structure of the database when the need arises.
“A relational database is a collection of data items organized as a set of formally-described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables. It was invented by E.F. Codd in 1970.” (TechTarget, 2006) A simpler definition of a relational database is a self-describing group of related tables. There are three ways to modify a table. We can insert a record, delete one, or update a record, already in the table. When you create a database, you can set up business rules. Business rules become part of the database. These are called constraints, or Referential Integrity Constraints. When you relate tables together, you must have