For a detailed description of the test authors’ rationale for selecting tasks for the new and revised subtests of the KBIT-2, we recommend that interested readers refer to chapter 3 of the Manual. A discussion of results of initial analyses for these items in terms of fairness and validity can be found in chapter 4. In chapter 5, Kaufman and Kaufman examine raw scores for different age groups across the KBIT-2 subtests to confirm a developmental pattern of growth and decline in performance that has been reported in other tests purporting to measure similar constructs (Kaufman & Lichtenberger, 2002). Based on evidence from previous tests, mean raw scores should increase through early adulthood, peak in middle age, and then decline gradually …show more content…
At that point, the raw scores steadily declined across the older age groups. Kaufman and Kaufman note that the peak level for fluid intelligence on the KBIT-2 extends into higher age ranges than peak levels for other tests, suggesting that a causal factor is the nature of Matrices, which is neither timed nor speeded and contains no motor component. Kaufman and Kaufman carried out concurrent validity studies with other cognitive and achievement tests, with the interval between administration of the KBIT-2 and comparison tests not exceeding 7 weeks. Some distributions for individual test comparisons are fairly representative of the four geographic regions, but a few studies (e.g., Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence [WASI], Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales, Third Edition [WAIS-III], and Wide Range Achievement Tests, Third Edition [WRAT3]) specifically lack representation of participants from the West and North Central regions. The authors state that samples for the concurrent validity studies include representative proportions of participants with special education classifications or with clinical diagnoses; however, we could not locate details of the types of classifications or diagnoses in the Manual text or tables. Results of all of the comparison validity studies, including the original and adjusted correlations, are displayed in tables in the
The administrator must be an individual who has had proper training in administering and interpreting norm-referenced educational and psychological tests; however, it is not required the individuals has a Doctoral degree (Pearson, 2009b). Materials needed to administer, score, and interpret the test include: the stimulus book, record form, response booklet, word card, pseudoword card, audio CD, Oral Reading Fluency, CD player with speakers, stopwatch, blank scratch paper, pencils without erasers, and an optional audio recorder (Pearson, 2009a). The administration instructions are conveniently written in the Record Form, which increase the ease of administration. The instructions were thoroughly analyzed to minimize misinterpretations and misunderstandings that could lead to a lower score (Pearson,
According to the technical manual, Test Validity can be defined as the degree to which empirical evidence and theory support the use and interpretation of the test (Schrank & McGrew, 2001). The main constructs and measures attained by the WJ III are resultant from the Cattell Horn Carrol theory of the cognitive abilities (CHC theory). Content validity, which is how well a test measures the behaviors it was intended to measure, was accompanied through requirement of a master test and cluster-content revision blueprint. Each cluster of the Woodcock- Johnson COG battery was created to heighted the range of validity measurement (Schrank & McGrew, 2001). This was done by providing two qualitatively separate narrow abilities included in the broad ability, as defined by CHC theory. The WJ III ACH was also knowledgeable by CHC theory. In order to strengthen
There are a slew of tests that attempt to measure how intelligent human beings are. They all measure different aspects and those factors will be covered here. One of the misconceptions is that the tests measure inborn intelligence. Few of the activities are designed for that purpose. They actually measure a person’s interaction with the environment and what they have learned from that interaction. The most common tested aspect is critical thinking. Instead of straightforward questions, intelligence tests offer questions with a twist. It is assumed that the most intelligent people will see obvious flaws in the obvious answers (Steinberg & Williams, 2015). Some intelligence tests also measure reflexes, both mental and physical. The assumption is quick reaction times reflect an active brain and in the line of thinking, a more intelligent person.
The two options for identifying students with disabilities are RTI model and the IQ-Achievement discrepancy model. The RTI model is a multi-tiered approach to identifying students with disabilities. With this approach the amount of students who are identified as having a learning disability has decreased because of the support students receive at different tiers and it eliminates inadequate instruction as the reason for reading problems. Universal screening and high quality teaching is done for all students. Students who show that they need additional help receive tier 1 services where frequency and intensity increases. Students are monitored and receive research based instruction in the general education classroom. Some students may still struggle and have to receive more intensive and frequent service. Those students will receive supplemental support from an educational professional. Tier 3 services are provided to students who still struggle and need even more intensive service. Students may also qualify for special education services. The IQ-Achievement discrepancy model is used to determine if a disability is present. Standardized tests are used to eliminate low intellectual ablity as a determining cause for reading problems. With this model, a professional assess whether there is a discrepancy between a student’s scores on an iq test and scores obtained from areas
This paper discusses the pros and cons of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III). First, important definitional, theoretical issues, including the nature of intelligence, a brief history, and pros and cons are discussed. Next, the development, reliability, validity, and assets and limitations of the WAIS-III are examined. This is followed by discussion of the meaning of IQ scores, use of successive level interpretation and cautions and guidelines for administration. Last, subtests, assessing special population groups, short forms, profile forms, and what a
· What conclusions did the study reach? Are the conclusions appropriate? Why or why not?
Bob Schmoe is a 34-year-old Caucasian male who was referred by his Department of Rehabilitation caseworker for an evaluation. His intelligence was measured using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence (WASI). There were four subtests measured, two of which were verbal and the other two were non-verbal. Bob’s nonverbal abilities, specific analyses of subtest scores and math computation skills showed both fell within the low average range. Bob’s visual spatial skills fell within the low average range as well. In addition, Bob’s spelling skills fell within the borderline range. Lastly, Bob scored highest in his verbal comprehension and word reading even though both fell within the average percentile of his age group. Altogether,
This study examined administration and scoring errors made by graduate students when administering the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities (WJ III COG). In the past studies have been conducted on graduate student errors made on other assessment of cognitive abilities, such as the Wechsler Scales. This study's findings were similar to previous studies.
A major strength of this assessment is that this assessment has a Nonverbal Index. This is beneficial for students who are not yet proficient in the English language or struggle with language. Administering the Nonverbal Index allows the administrator to gain a better understanding of the child’s abilities because their language issues are not working against them with this test. Also, this assessment has two theories of intelligence that can be tested: the Luria neurological processing theory and Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of intelligence. With the Luria Model, you will obtain the Mental Processing Index of Learning Ability, Sequential Processing, Simultaneous Processing, and Planning Ability. With the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model, you will obtain the Fluid-Crystallized Index with the areas of long-term storage and retrieval, short-term memory, visual processing, fluid reasoning, and crystallized ability. This assessment is also more child-friendly because of the visuals throughout the test. A weakness of this assessment is the administrator will not be able to obtain a score for auditory processing and processing speed with this assessment, requiring the administrator to utilize another intelligence assessment. This assessment has two intelligence theories options to choose from: the Luria
In this paper, I will present my findings about the two testing (Cognitive Ability Test
It tests cognitive performance in six domains: reaction time, processing speed, learning, working memory, delayed memory, and spatial memory (Kane, Roebuck-Spencer, Short, Kabat, Wilken, 2007;, Eonta, et al., 2011). It has been shown to be a reliable screening tool for detecting neurocognitive deficits, especially when compared to baseline measures (Kelly, Coldren, Parish, Dretsch, Russell, 2012; Johnson, Vincent, Johnson, Gilliland, & Schlegel, 2008; Roebuck-Spencer, Vincent, Gilliland, Johnson, & Cooper, 2013; Woodhouse, et al., 2013).
| Based on explicit knowledge and this can be easy and fast to capture and analyse.Results can be generalised to larger populationsCan be repeated – therefore good test re-test reliability and validityStatistical analyses and interpretation are
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) is a psychological test administered individually as a measure of cognitive ability for people in the age range of 16 to 90 years of age (Climie & Rostad, pp. 581-586, 2011). The administration of this assessment may be performed by trained technicians, however, the Administration and Scoring Manual states that it is imperative that all interpretation should be done by professionals to which have adequate training in and experience with standardized clinical instruments (Wechsler, 2008). The WAIS-IV was published by Pearson in 2008, and was meant to provide comprehensive and modified developmental norms, improve psychometric properties and clinical usefulness, and improve the easiness
The test will be assessed and ready when the participants come into the room. Preceding the study, the contributors will be made cognizant that the project could entail associations and material that could challenge the contributor’s perspective. The contributor will be told they are doing a study on cognitive abilities. The study requires fifteen minutes to complete, and the participants will achieve a response in relation to their (IAT) enactment when it is over.
Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities Third Edition It’s comprehensive battery is strong and well normed. Client can pick and choose the subtests. Limitations: This is an expensive test to administer and it is cumbersome to get full picture of client in one hour with this tool.