Research Critique, Part 2: Critique of Quantitative Research Article

The focus of the article by Spurlock and Hunt (2008) was on an empirical study researching whether the HESI Exit Exam possesses any usefulness in predicting pass-rates on the National Council Licensure Examination for registered nurses. The authors identify the variables of the study as HESI Exit Exam scores and NCLEX-RN outcomes, emphasizing the relationship between the variables as being previously determined by research literature as “marginal at best” (Spurlock & Hunt, 2008). The stated primary purposes for the research by Spurlock and Hunt (2008) were to examine if HESI Exit Exam scores had the ability to predict NCLEX-RN outcomes, and to explain the inconsistencies between predictions of HESI Exit Exam scores and actual NCLEX-RN results. The article indicates that the research is significant in nursing due to the weight of importance placed on NCLEX-RN outcomes “…by nursing school administrators, educators, and graduates, as well as by prospective students and their parents” (Spurlock & Hunt, 2008).

Research analyzing is a process in which a research undergoes a careful examination for its strength and weakness. Analyzing a research gives the nurse a chance to know the credibility of the study, its findings to see the evidence base for practice or utilization or application of the findings into the care practice. This paper is about analysis of a research conducted in relation to wound care in primary health care. This research took place in Stockholm, Sweden. The study shows a descriptive quantitative approach in investigating district nurse wound care management.

J Mann, 160 post-operative respiratory complications were found in 144 patients. All the patients received gas, oxygen and anaesthetic (Mann, 1949) It also suggests respiratory problems rise abruptly in males over the age of 40. Mr Street is 69 years old. Patients are at risk of the following post-surgery loss of lung volume, CR conditioning, pain on deep breathing, pain on coughing, infection which can also be related to stress and weight loss, DVT, atelectasis, low oxygen saturation, reduced thoracic expansion, low mood, loss of mobility due to obesity which can result in reduced joint range and muscle strength, anxiety (secondary to his diagnosis of a potentially life limiting

The perceptions of being restrained for some intensive care unit (ICU) patients, may not be memorable, but for others, the experience can be traumatic (Clukey, Weyant, Roberts, & Henderson, 2014). Historically, patients were primarily restrained as a safety precaution or to prevent inadvertent tube and device removals (Zun, 2005). Hevener, Rickabaugh, and Marsh (2016) conducted a quantitative study centered on reducing the use of restraints by incorporating the use of a “decision support tool” (DST) (p. 479) to assist the clinical staff in deciding which patients may be appropriate to safely remain without restraints. The authors documented the study in an article entitled “Using a Decision

Any person that is undergoing either a thoracic or abdominal surgery is at risk for developing pulmonary complications following surgery. Some factors can greatly increase the likelihood of post-operative pulmonary complications such as being overweight, smoking, age, bed-rest, general anesthesia, the use of muscle relaxers or analgesics and preexisting lung conditions. (Pusey-Reid). However, even a healthy young individual is at risk following surgery as well, if not taking the necessary measures to ensure adequate healing.

Sputum is indicated from the coarse crackles heard on auscultation in the right upper zone (Wyka 2002). Given the site of the surgery in the abdomen, transverse surgical incision and the length of his surgery increases Mr. Wrens risk of post-operative pulmonary complications (PPC) as his respiratory muscle function will be reduced due to direct injury to the respiratory muscles and anaesthetic reducing respiratory muscle function making normal breathing and clearance techniques such as coughing more difficult (Siafakas 1999).

Video assisted thoracoscopic lung resection or lobectomy indicates exclusion of the nondependent lung from ventilation i.e. one lung ventilation (OLV) to optimize the surgical field, facilitate the resection and reduce the surgical time (1, 2). One- lung ventilation (OLV) was first described in 1932 by Gale and Waters who used a single-light tube that was inserted into the right or left main stem bronchus(3).

Figure 1 shows the responses of alveolar gas composition and haemoglobin-oxygen (Hb-O2) saturation to various ventilation conditions. All comparisons between various ventilation patterns were found to be statistically significant. The p-values, raw experimental data (n=44), and absolute and relative changes can be found in the Appendix. The mean baseline values, indicating normal breathing, for PO2 were approximately three times the mean PCO2. The values were 108.75  9.56 mmHg and 42.04  5.75 mmHg respectively. The mean baseline value for %O2 saturation was 97.93  1.64 % (Figure 1). For breath-holding following hypoventilation, mean PO2 and %O2 decreased and PCO2 increased when compared to normal ventilation. The values were 79.19

There are three authors for this quantitative research study. Martin Knoll is the HTW of Saarland, Clinical Nursing Research and Evaluation, Saarbruecken, Germany. Christine Lautenschlaeger, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Medical Informatics, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany is the second author. And last, Marianne

First studies used cephalometry and computed tomography (CT) to examine possible abnormalities within craniofacial structures. Both techniques are very common in medical imaging procedures. In [6] authors applied sophisticated volumetric analysis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the upper airway soft tissue structures in

Observation will be the next tool to help identify those patients with dysfunctional breathing as a result of a poor ZOA. Other authors recommend assessment in supine with a comparison made between sitting and supine. Issues will be more pronounced in supine. A reduction in vital capacity (perceived breathlessness) or reports of orthopnea is another indicator of DD. McCool2

Rhinoplasty is a cosmetic procedure in which the shape of the nose is altered. It is usually done to “enhance facial harmony and the proportions of the nose” and to “correct impaired breathing caused by structural defects in the nose”. When considering this procedure, a person would require to make an appointment with a surgeon to discuss the goal of the procedure and the risks, costs, and recovery process of such a procedure. Once having established that the patient is eligible for the procedure and scheduling an operation day, the rhinoplasty begins. This surgery usually employs the use of general or local anesthesia or intravenous sedation, depending on the recommendation of the doctor. The next step to the operation is performing a closed

The surgical patient should be educated on the effects of anesthesia and what it can do to the lungs. Improving patient education can be viewed as improving quality of care. There are also safety issues associated with not breathing properly as it can cause pneumonia and bronchitis. Surgery tends to depress the lung function and may also alter how much oxygen one is able to breathe in and out. When breathing is depressed the alveoli in the lungs cannot properly expand and fill with air. “These shallower breaths keep the tiny air sacs in your lungs (alveoli) from filling with air. These air sacs can flatten and their insides stick together like a water balloon after you let out the water” (Schmidler, 2015). Performing deep breathing exercises help to pop open the alveoli and fill the lungs with adequate oxygen. “Patients who developed postoperative pneumonia were in the hospital for an extra 14 days at a cost of $46,000. In 11% of cases, patients died from the pneumonia” (“Sepsis, Pneumonia After Surgery,” 2010, p. 30). Through the use of education these problems can be easily

In addition, micrognathia causes the proportionally large tongue to be displaced posteriorly in the oropharynx, increasing the difficulty to adequately view the vocal cords with DL (Heinrich, Birkholz, Ihmsen, Irouschek, Ackermann, & Schmidt, 2012). An update of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) difficult airway algorithm was most recently published in 2013 in Anesthesiology. The algorithm outlines the steps to be taken when an anesthetist encounters a patient with a difficult airway (Apfelbaum, Hagberg, Caplan, et al., 2013). Preparation for a difficult airway includes a thorough evaluation, availability of difficult airway equipment, assigning assistance with the patient, informing the patient (or guardian) of the difficult airway possibility, preoxygenation prior to airway manipulation, and administering supplemental O2 throughout the airway management (Apfelbaum, Hagberg, Caplan, et

. This study began with 115 patients that were all undergoing CABG surgery at a university hospital and were “randomized to a deep-breathing group that performed deep-breathing exercises postoperatively and to a control group that performed no breathing exercises,” (Westerdahl, Lindmark, Eriksson, Friberg, Hedenstierna, & Tenling, 2005).