1.Introduction Scottish government minister, Celina Stevens has recently been given the portfolio for managing the emergency resources of NHS Scotland. She and her team have been meeting with stakeholders of all emergency service. As a result one of the project is to identify and understanding the needs of a modern Patient Transport System for Scotland, in order to do so, the rollout of an ambulance support system for the town of Falkirk has been selected.
2.Abstract
In order to have the best solutions to implement the changes, Soft System Methodology (SSM) and ‘System Thinking’ can propose ways to resolve the problem in the best manner.
The purpose of this Soft system analysis is to identify at least three human activity systems and identify appropriate information technology that could be used to enhance the performance of the core systems selected and reduce costs to health authorities.
3.Rich Picture
4.The Problem Situation
There are two hospital in the area of Falkirk: The Forth Valley Royal Hospital and the Falkirk Community Hospital.
The manager of The Forth Valley Royal Hospital is Jill Scott, he sees this as an opportunity for raising safety concerns in passenger transport. This hospital has:
-4 emergency ambulance
-2 emergency motorcycle
-4 senior paramedics
-8 paramedics Falkirk emergency Patient transport service (PTS) is also based in this hospital, in case of emergency NHS 999 dispatch will contact the PTS where the team of emergency
Each year in the United States approximately 114 million people visit their local Emergency Department (ED), and 16 million of these patients arrive by Emergency Medical Services (EMS). (Board et al.) Health care in America has moved from an individual, fee-for-service health care system, towards a more integrated healthcare system i.e., The Affordable Care Act (ACA), which is a government controlled healthcare system, and is set up to be a value-based payment system. The ACA will expand and transform the roles of EMS within the healthcare system. EMS’s ability to survive and thrive in this new era of healthcare, will revolve, in part, on its ability to articulate its value to healthcare providers, healthcare organizations, hospital systems, and payers, as well as patients and family members. (Smith) EMS can thrive in the future, if it embraces change. John F. Kennedy had this to say about change, “Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.” (BrainyQuote) In order for EMS to thrive in the changes that the future is bringing, it must: focus on mobile integrated healthcare, be data driven in their clinical practices. There are three other areas that will be discussed at length, EMS agencies should be actively pursuing a community paramedicine program, EMS using remote telemedicine and EMS moving towards a value-based payment system.
Meanwhile, elsewhere in Habersham County, Tom was feeling slightly nervous as he exited the staff lounge and entered the hustle and bustle of County Hospital’s ER to begin his first shift as an RN. The first few hours of his shift passed slowly as Tom mostly checked vital signs and listened to patients complain about various aches, pains, coughs, and sniffles. He realized that the attending physician, Dr. Greene, who was rather “old school” in general about how he interacted with nursing staff, wanted to start him out slowly. Tom knew, though, that the paramedics could bring in a trauma patient at any time.
Over the last 15 years or so a number of cases concerning patient care and safety have come to light prompting investigations and inquiries that have led to changes in the way care is delivered. These include inquiries at Winterbourne View hospital, Mid-Staffordshire hospital(Mid staffs) and Harold shipman to name a few.
Hospitals: The medical facilities in Raynham include, the Tristan Medical Raynham Care Center on Paramount Drive, Health Express Urgent Care On New State Highway, Signature Medical Group on New State Highway, and Minute Care inside the local CVS on US-44.
In this process a particular system is selected and information is gathered about the processes involved in the system, the communication and co-ordination with other departments through interviews, questionnaires and documents. Data management, Medication management and infection control are three areas which are evaluated by this method.
General Hospital - offers various services like emergency, general, critical and intensive care to various
When developing a new information technology system such as a health documentation system, a team will work through a series of steps “in order to conceptualize, analyze, design, construct and implement a new information technology system”. (Morris, 2009). Traditionally, there were five phases to developing a new system, but it has been found that having seven phases can provide analysts and developers create a system that can more precisely meet the needs of a company. The stages include: planning, systems analysis, systems design, development, testing, implementation and
There remains a need for further adoption and implement of HIT within the systems daily practices to help improve access to care, quality of care, and reduce cost of the care provided.
Recommendations were provided in the following areas: adequate standards for ambulance design, and the construction of equipment and supplies, standards for qualifications and supervision of ambulance personnel, state level adoption of policies and regulations in ambulance services, pilot programs for providing physician-staffed ambulances, and programs to evaluate the need to place automotive and helicopter ambulance services in remotely populated areas where there is a lack of hospitals (Council, 1966, p. 15). Now there are standards and specifications for ambulances, and the equipment that goes in them, outlined by NFPA 1917: Standard for Automotive Ambulances and
There are some assumptions made by university health care system in its implementation that the common advantages of using a computerized system would obviously work to their own advantage. Users of the system make a great impact to the existence of the same. It is imperative to consider old data that is supposed to be fed to the system in order to make it efficient while updating the rest of information. Self evaluation process is recommendable to the system by the Information Technology experts. The human interface of the system should be included by the evaluation team. This will include two psychologists. The above aspects should be considered by a team of analysts before they conclude on whether the project does or does not
Peter Checkland and Brian Wilson are both systems thinkers who contributed to the development of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). Although both systems thinkers began developing concepts of SSM around the same time, Checkland is considered the pioneer of SSM. Checkland’s SSM was designed for solving general social problems, while Wilson adopted the methodology for business management by developing enterprise model building. The underlying principle for Checkland’s SSM and Wilson’s SSM is that it allows users to structure their thoughts and align them to the real world and thus, help in situations where there are different assumptions, multiple stakeholder, and multiple goals (Ragsdell, West & Wilby 2012). A comparative analysis of Checkland’s SSM and Wilson’s SSM divulges emphasis of specific modeling devices for instance Checkland focuses on three concepts namely rich pictures, root definitions and conceptual model, while Wilson focuses consensus primary task model (CPTM) and maltrese cross analysis, which are suitable for information systems required in new enterprises. Still, Wilson’s SSM borrows heavily from Checkland’s SSM especially on ideas of conceptual model and root definitions. Since, Wilson’s SSM was developed much later after apparent problem with Checkland’s SSM, it is considered the most pertinent in today’s systems applications. The objective of this paper is to compare and contrast both Checkland an Wilson’s models of SSM.
In today’s health care system, “quality” and “safety” are one in the same when it comes to patient care. As Florence Nightingale described our profession long ago, it takes work and vigilance to ensure we are doing the best we can to care for our patients. (Mitchell, 2008)
Health information systems (HIS) are complex and it is helpful to understand advantages and disadvantages to some key components of a HIS. This section will describe the advantages and disadvantages of usability, interoperability, scalability and compatibility.
The young and motivated paramedical team at aravind is the backbone of this system and are annually recruited from the nearby
When an organization is approached as a whole, appropriate actions can be assigned to tasks thus making the system of the organization run more smoothly. Besides that, according to Senge, systems thinking gives us the realization of the importance of a feedback means in an organization.