Search and Appraisal Strategies CINAHL, PubMed, Google scholar and Cochrane library were searched for the following terms: hypertension, diet, exercise, lifestyle, pharmacotherapy, yoga, DASH diet. The key words “hypertension and lifestyle interventions” were searched at the title and abstract level in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed meta-analysis, systematic reviews, randomized control trials (RCT) or quasi experimental studies focused on life style modifications in the reduction of systolic blood pressure, published between 2010 and 2015. The exclusion criteria included studies published prior to 2010 and also pediatric and perinatal studies. The search yielded a …show more content…
The appraisal of all these 10 articles led to identification of the three primary themes: a) positive findings, b) mixed findings, and c) barriers associated with implementing life style modifications in the treatment of hypertension.
Positive Findings The literature published since 2010 indicates that the lifestyle modification can be used as an alternative to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of hypertension. Authors of the nine articles of ten articles utilized for this study has concluded that lifestyle changes, which mainly includes physical activity and dietary changes is very effective in the management of hypertension.
Randomized Control Trials This study utilized 6 RCT‘s selected from various databases. The study conducted by (Hinderliter et al., 2013) concluded that changes in dietary habits, weight and blood pressure persist for 8 months after completion of the 16th week ENCORE program with some attenuation of the benefits. The ENCORE study was done with 144 overweight individuals with hypertension, randomized to 16 weeks intervention, which includes behavioral weight management and DASH diet and DASH diet alone. Follow up assessments were done after 8 months of the end of the treatment and the systolic blood pressure at the end of 16 weeks was found to be reduced by 16.1 (95% confidence interval CI = 13.0-19.2) mmhg with DASH-WM group, 11.2 (95% CI = 8.1-14.3) mmhg in the DASH-A group and 3.4 (95% CI = 0.4–6.4) mmhg in the
Modern medical advancements have significantly decreased the prevalence and severity of infectious disease as well as the treatment of acute, traumatic conditions. Pharmacological research has also gained insight into the management of chronic disease. Still, there is an epidemic of chronic, treatable diseases like stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. Hypertension proves to be the underlying factor associated with these diseases. Hypertension is often referred to as the silent killer because of its indication in deadly disease, and the importance of monitoring ones blood pressure is vital. Lifestyle, diet, and genetic predisposition are all factors of high blood pressure. Chronic high blood pressure above safe levels, known as hypertension, puts elevated physical stress on the renal and cardiovascular systems. By controlling this factor in patients, healthcare providers can decrease cardiovascular events, improve health outcomes, and decrease overall mortality. Patient education is often overlooked in its role in the control and prevention of high blood pressure. This paper analyzes the causes and physiology behind high blood pressure as they relate to the current nursing interventions. The role of nurses is discussed in relation to patient education regarding high blood pressure, and educational approaches are analyzed.
Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic illness that serves as a main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Hanus, Simoes, Amboni, Ceretta, & Tuon, 2015). Although medication can manage HTN appropriately, lifestyle modifications make a substantial difference as well. However, many patients go through behavior stages in which he or she contemplate on making the necessary changes to improve their health. One solution to the problem is the development of an educational Hypertension Intervention and Follow-Up program (HIFP). Studies have shown that active educational interventions that incorporate small groups are more effective than passive delivery of educational materials (Pimenta, Caldiera, & Mamede,
High blood pressure, hypertension, effects more than 65 million people, or 1 out of every3 people. Another 59 million people are have hypertension which is a slight increase in blood pressure which can lead to serious health problems (Nhibi.nih.gov, 2013). High blood pressure is dangerous because it can harden artery walls, make the heart pump harder and can cause the brain to hemorrhage. If not controlled, the consequences of living a life with high blood pressure can lead to heart and kidney disease, stroke and blindness. The DASH diet is often suggested to people suffering from hypertension and focuses on portion size, eating a variety of foods and getting the right amount of nutrients
Hypertension, a condition more commonly known as high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for many medical diseases and comorbidities. Hypertension affects 1 of 3 American adults each year, leading to comorbidities such as heart disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney disease. The treatment of hypertension totals $46 billion annually ("CDC High Blood Pressure Facts," 2015). Clinical treatment guidelines, developed in 2003 by The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7), were established for clinician management of hypertensive patients. The JNC 7 produces a standard of care in classification and treatment of hypertension, establishing standards for providers to educate their hypertensive patients in areas such as lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatment. The JNC 7 recommends that lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss and exercise, be the preliminary treatment plan for lowering blood pressure and specifically recommends a diet rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables and low fat dairy products as outlined in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet (C. Hobanian et al., 2003). More currently, JNC7 recommendations have been modified in the Eighth Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 8), increasing the baseline blood pressure goal (Sessoms, Reid, Williams, &
The problem of hypertension is growingly becoming a major reason for worldwide mortality and morbidity. The problem may not be externally visible in a person who is suffering from it but internally it can cause stroke, cardiac failure and kidney problems. It has been predicted by experts that the number of people suffering from hypertension will grow by 60 percent by the year 2025 and the major risk factors linked to the problem are diabetes and obesity. Although the condition is globally prevalent and intense research are being made into it, no signal cure or effective treatment can be found which can protect body from hypertension without having any side effects. Exercise to reduce hypertension and herbal pills to reduce hypertension offer the best and risk free ways to regulate the condition.
The result of this study as identified in demographic and geographic differences will help in controlling hypertension by informing state and improving local policies. In order to evaluate this data, the questions to be answered
I was born to a father with the history of Diabetic mellitus and on my mother’s side; there is a history of High Blood Pressure. Although my father is not diabetic, my mother has been diagnosed with blood pressure. Blood pressure has been a steady disease in my household which has affected four out my five uncles. In 2010, after a seven year long battle with infertility, I was diagnosed with High Blood Pressure which I was given medication for and shortly thereafter, I had a son after my aggressive treatment. Ever since, I have always link most diseases with food intake and I strongly believe that my nutrition and my health work hand in hand. According to Grodner, Roth &Walkingshaw (2012),
Diet encompasses heart-healthy eating that includes the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet) which aims at reducing the blood pressure and the bad cholesterol (LDL). This requires the fat rich hamburgers to be replaced with legumes, vegetables, fruits, whole grains, vegetable
plan of losing pounds didn’t interest me as much as the value information gained from the
Eat DASH diet, which is consisted in high in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products and rich in potassium, magnesium, protein and fiber. This die t is especially effective in treating African American patients.
Yu et al. performed a quasi-experimental study in which they were able to evaluate the effect specific lifestyle interventions had on hypertension, diabetes, and one’s overall physical health (2014). Due to the increase in hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in the United States and multiple countries around the world, it is necessary to determine useful and practical interventions to combat these diseases. The study was performed in 5 community clinics in Tianjin, China, where 273 residents ages 45-75 were studied and all diagnosed with pre-hypertension to mild hypertension, and pre-diabetes to diabetes. The lifestyle intervention these subjects performed over a three month period of time was called Zhiji management. This program was delivered by trained health care professionals and designed to improve the quality of food eaten, and increase realistic exercise options. In comparison, the control group received the normal and usual health care that they have always received. The results of the study showed the intervention significantly increased the effectiveness and success of the physical activity performed by 54.6 kilocalories per day. It also showed a significant decrease in total dietary intake by 328.5 kilocalories per day. Finally, the differences in the intervention and control group were significant for weight, waist size, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels. The study concluded that in patients with mild diabetes and hypertension, health care workers trained
The DASH diet focuses on a variety of fresh foods with no chemicals or food labels, and it is rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, while being low in red meat, and sweets. This diet has been tested through several large studies and has been sponsored by the “National Institutes of Health”, an agency of the US department of Health and Human Services to stop hypertension (nhlbi.nih.gov, 2003). One of the studies compares two diets, the DASH and the DASH-sodium, where the researchers look at methods to reduce blood pressure through the DASH dietary regimen in combination with a low sodium diet. In the DASH diet condition, people were given three different eating plans. The first plan stimulates the diet of the average North American person, the second plan is the same as the first, as well as providing an extra portion of fruits and vegetables, whereas the third group received the DASH diet, which is full of vegetables, fruits, low-fat dairy, and is lower in total fat as well as saturated fat and cholesterol. In comparison, individuals in the DASH-sodium condition were also given three different plans, where the first meal plan had a normal diet with 3,300 mg sodium per day, the second plan with 2,300 mg sodium per day and the DASH-sodium diet
Increasing incidence of hypertension and related cardiovascular disease, prompted the National Institute of health (NIH) to propose funding to determine the impact dietary patterns have on blood pressure in the (US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2015). Working with five established medical research centers in different US cities, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) feeding trial was developed to investigate the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure (Appel et al., 1997). The original study began in 1993, and completed in 1997. The study was novel in that it included a team comprised of nutritionists, nurses, doctors, and the research coordinators. The DASH diet was created to provide high levels of nutrients previously identified to help reduce blood pressure that had proven ineffective at reducing blood pressure in supplement form or individually (Appel et al., 1997). The DASH trial, was unique in that it was constructed to test dietary patterns and their effect on blood pressure, rather than looking at individual nutrients (Appel et al., 1997).
This chapter reviews the literature on hypertension and hyperlipidaemia and their relation to risk factors including age, gender, genetics, diet and weight, alcohol, smoking, lack of activity and co-morbidity. It also examines mediating factors including economic factors, stress/personality, medications, lifestyle modifications and complementary therapies including foot reflexology and foot massage. Finally, it reviews outcomes (quality of life) including physiological, psychological and socioeconomic changes.
Studies have shown that people with hypertension were able to lower their blood pressure by consuming diets high in Omega-3 fatty acids or taking fish oil supplements. After analyzing the results of 17 clinical studies using fish oil supplements, researchers determined that taking 3 or more grams of fish oil per day may lower blood pressure in people with untreated hypertension.