Sethne Garner Being A White Woman Analysis

Sally Thomas and her family were an atypical slave family in the antebellum South. Sally herself was a “quasi-free” slave, owned as property with personal benefits and liberties, by “[hiring] herself out as a laundress, a practice common among urban slaves.” The “quasi-slave” title was not uncommon in the South, where the blacks outnumbered the whites and the whites allowed the blacks to have mediocre peasantry jobs, however, they performed the job better than many whites, and allowed for them to earn money and make their own profit. All three of Sally’s son were born into bondage, Henry, James, and John. Even though their fathers were free whites, the slave title was heretical under their mother’s name

Mrs. Harrison believes that black people have to earn the white people’s respect, trust, freedoms and equality. Mrs. Harrison says to Bob, “You mustn’t think in terms of trying to get even with them, you must accept whatever they do for you and try to prove yourself worthy to be entrusted with more” (52). She states that if black people work hard enough, the white people will reward them. She also wants the black community to wait for the white people to “give” them something better, to accept what the white people “do for them.” She compares the idea of black and white people equality to communism. She tells Bob that he needs to make himself worthy of respect. “You know yourself, Bob, a lot of our people are just not worthy, they just don’t deserve anymore than they’re getting” (52). These comments illustrate how class has a great influence on Mrs. Harrison’s point of view on race. Without having to work and being rich, she is ignorant of the racial discrimination that a day to day skilled worker of Bob’s color has to go through. Like her daughter Alice, Mrs. Harrison has been given special treatment by the white people for her lighter skin, and her social and economic class.

The title of this book comes from the inspiring words spoken by Sojourner Truth at the 1851, nine years prior to the Civil War at a Women’s Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio. In Deborah Grays White, Ar’n’t I a woman her aim was to enrich the knowledge of antebellum black women and culture to show an unwritten side of history of the American black woman. Being an African- American and being a woman, these are the two principle struggles thrown at the black woman during and after slavery in the United States. Efforts were made by White scholars in 1985 to have a focus on the female slave experience. Deborah Gray White explains her view by categorizing the hardships and interactions between the female slave and the environment in which the

She emphasizes that the life of a slave woman is incomparable to the life of a slave man, in the sense that a woman’s sufferings are not only physical but also extremely mental and emotional. Whether or not a slave woman is beaten, starved to death, or made to work in unbearable circumstances on the fields, she suffers from and endures horrible mental torments. Unlike slave men, these women have to deal with sexual harassment from white men, most often their slave owners, as well as the loss of their children in some cases. Men often dwell on their sufferings of bodily pain and physical endurance as slaves, where as women not only deal with that but also the mental and emotional aspect of it. Men claim that their manhood and masculinity are stripped from them, but women deal with their loss of dignity and morality. Females deal with the emotional agony as mothers who lose their children or have to watch them get beaten, as well as being sexually victimized by white men who may or may not be the father of their children. For these women, their experiences seem unimaginable and are just as difficult as any physical punishment, if not more so.

During slavery, African American men and women were subject to cruel labor and punishment throughout the Americas. They were beaten, abused, and forced to toil for long hours, burdened with the weight of an astronomical workload. In Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved, she is able to capture this aspect of slavery by identifying gender roles and the effects of slavery on laborers. The narrative tells the story of a runaway slave named Sethe who has found freedom in Cincinnati after escaping Sweet Home plantation in the South. Throughout the novel she suffers from her past and is haunted by the peculiar death of her unnamed baby. Through characters like Sethe, Morrison is able to show the function of gender in slavery as well as the damaging

Shielded from the atrocities of slavery during her childhood, Jacobs depicts family life among slaves as one that remains intact in a “comfortable home” (29) through the example of her own family. Each member held limited rights along with the ability to work and the privilege to use their earnings as they pleased. It is not until the death of her mistress where she finally begins to feel the effects of slavery in the sudden separation of her family who are “all distributed among her [mistress’s] relatives” (Jacobs 33). The separation of family is one of the most integral subjects of her narrative since “motherhood [plays a great role] in her life” (Wolfe 518). Jacobs appeals to the emotions of her female audiences by contrasting a slave mother’s agonies in her separation from her children with the “happy free women” (40) whose children remain with her since “no hand” (40) has the right to take them away. The separation of families in Douglass’s narrative does call for some pity but the event is not as tragic in comparison to

     Tillie, the housekeeper, had a surprising reaction to the situation at hand. When she hears the news of the marriage she pulls John aside and makes several disturbing comments. The first was about, “a member of my own race getting above hisself,” and “civil rights is one thing, this something else.” Her behavior depicts that she could of been brought up to believe that the white race was above the black race. Her response was different from that of the two sets of parents, whom only seemed concerned due to the external problems the union would induce.

Based on the evidence supplied by author Kent Anderson Leslie, slaves in antebellum Georgia did not always live under the oppressive system of chattel labor. According to Leslie, the rules that applied to racial hierarchy were not strictly enforced, especially when it came to propertied and wealthy planters such as David Dickson who chose to raise his mixed-race daughter at home. Amanda Dickson’s experiences during Reconstruction demonstrate that she had much more freedom after slavery was abolished than may have been expected before the Civil War. Amanda Dickson’s experiences and those of her mother in particular do not fit the presumed mold of oppressed slave with no opportunity for a better life.

Slavery has a huge affect on how a woman can mother her children for it drastically increases the difficulty of such a task while limiting the availability of the mother herself. Slavery averts a mother’s ability to form an intricate relationship with her children, making the connection between the two subjects weak and almost non existent. In Beloved, slavery is a huge element in why Sethe is the mother she is, and it has influenced many of her more regrettable actions. Throughout the book the Morrison shines some light onto the horrible treatment of some of the characters, this is reflected when Paul D states: “White people believed that whatever the manners, under every dark skin was a jungle. Swift unnavigable waters, swinging screaming baboons, sleeping snakes, red gums ready for their sweet white blood... it wasn’t the jungle blacks brought with them to this place. . . . It was the jungle whitefolks planted in them.” (Morrison). Here we can see that the amount of degradation and dehumanization that occurred during this time period as a slave was unbearably prevalent, posing as a huge distractor towards mothers and their ability to care for their child. The Owners of the slaves rarely viewed the slaves as living beings, so one

At the age of eleven Sarah was given a waiting maid. She rebels against slavery through declining her gift. Missus said, “This is our little Hetty. Sarah, dear, she is your present, your very own waiting maid."… Miss Sarah said,"… I don 't need a waiting maid… I 'm perfectly fine without one" (Kidd 14). Making this kind of comment in front of a large family gathering brought shame to the Grimkè household. Sarah knew this and still took this risk to stand for her abolitionist views. Even at a young age Sarah has always opposed the use of slaves. After being told she has no choice but to take Handful she treats Handful the best she can. This causes a relationship to spark between the two of them which was unheard of in that time period. In addition to Sarah refusing her birthday present, which was Handful, she takes it a step further and teaches Handful how to read. Turning, I watched her carry the lantern to my dressing table, light swilling about her feet. When she set it down, I said, “Hetty, shall I teach you to read?” (Kidd 57). Being able to read and write was considered powerful, which is why it was against the law to teach a black person to read. Only the elite should have that ability. Sarah taking this risk for Handful demonstrates how willing she is to “free” Handful in any way she can. The uncanny relationship between the two, sparks a set of values in them that will continuously shape their lives.

The largest of his foundational chapters deals with sexual honor. Wyatt‐Brown paints a picture of a singularly depraved and sordid society. The essence of his argument centers on the dichotomy between women’s weakness and power. It would have been better argued from a different point of view about power and points of leverage instead of a stale discussion of women’s matriarchal power over hen‐pecked husbands balanced against the dependency of women and their requirement to marry to avoid barrenness and shame. He is particularly challenged by the ideal of a southern woman who is to be “not only ethereal but also hardworking, politically aware (though never ‘to mingle in discussion’), and prudent in household management” (p.35). I think he could have done a much better job in describing the black‐white sexual relations as well, while highlighting the differences and the social preeminence of the white classes over the black. This book is ultimately a one-dimensional study of a very complex society. I think it is written without objectivity. He never tells the story from the side of the white slave holders. Though most, if not all of his writing is true, this book only sheds light on one side of the topic and therefore cannot be taken as absolute

This literary analysis will define the feminist challenge to the patriarchal motherhood as defined in the mothering methods of Sethe in Beloved by Toni Morrison. Sethe's mothering instincts are found in the way she kills her child in order to prevent a life of slavery and suffering on the slave plantation. This form of “good mothering” defines the horrific sacrifice that Sethe was willing to make, so that her daughter did not grow up to live as a salve. More so, the patriarchal system of marriage and reproductive roles on the patriarchal plantation define the slave system as a boon to Sethe's mothering skills. Sethe is forced to marry one of five male slaves, which defines the sexual abuse that women had to endure on the plantation, This is an important reason why Sethe did not want her daughter enduring the same form of enforced reproductive policies of the slave system. In essence, an analysis of the feminist challenge to patriarchal motherhood will be defined in Sethe’s methods of “good mothering” in Beloved by Toni Morrison.

As guardians of the house, planter-class white ladies were accountable for upholding traditional Christian values and keeping peace among the domestic sphere. As such, they were valued for their homemaking skills, maternal instinct, and, maybe in particular else, their virtue. ladies were seen as physically and intellectually inferior to men, however far more pious, pure, and moral. White women’s physiological property was heavily regulated by law moreover as by culture. criminal conversation was thought-about a larger offense for ladies than for men, and was disciplined a lot of raspingly. Similarly, “giving birth out of marriage was... thought-about far more of a social downside for white ladies than for anyone else” In town Douglass’s story,

Minrose Gwin‘s book, Black and White Women of the Old South, argues that history has problems with objectiveness. Her book brings to life interesting interpretations on the view of the women of the old south and chattel slavery in historical American fiction and autobiography. Gwin’s main arguments discussed how the white women of the south in no way wanted to display any kind of compassion for a fellow woman of African descent. Gwin described the "sisterhood" between black and white women as a "violent connection"(pg 4). Not only that, Gwin’s book discusses the idea that for most of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, a black woman usually got subjected to displacement of sexual and mental

Toni Morrison’s Beloved shows the dehumanization of slavery and its effects on African-Americans and their basic forms of existence—specifically motherhood. Morrison depicts the strong maternal bond between Sethe and her children. Most importantly, her use of Sethe’s controversial act of infanticide shows the lengths that Sethe will take to protect her children from slavery. Morrison’s depiction of Sethe’s motherhood shows how slavery has deconstructed the Eurocentric expectations and traditions of motherhood and gender for black women. Rather than victimize Sethe’s as an enslaved woman, Morrision decides to celebrate her triumphs and suffering in Beloved. Therefore, Sethe’s identity as an enslaved black mother deconstructs the expectations of Eurocentric gender roles with her exertion of independence and control for the benefit of her children.