Seven Layers in the OSI Model

1: Physical layer: The purpose of the physical layer is it deals with the hardware components, like cads and cables for sending and receiving data of a carrier.

Layer 1: Physical - This is the level of the actual hardware. It defines the physical characteristics of the network such as connections, voltage levels and timing.

The fifth layer is the session layer this establishes a connection,this layer makes and sets up the connection using co ordinates and could terminate conversations links. the session layer produces services that make authentication after an interruption and not only that but it can reconnect.and as well as the transporting layer it can also have the TCP and the UDP can provide services for all most all applications.An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in both of the standard models of computer networking; the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model).Although both models use the same term for their respective highest level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different.In TCP/IP, the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process-to-process communications

• “Application - The Application Layer is the layer that most network users are exposed to, and is the level at which human communication happens. HTTP, FTP, and SMTP are examples of the application layer protocols the Patton-Fuller will now be utilizing for communicating electronically” (Network Design, 2012).

1. Application (in terms of cabling infrastructure): The application layer is the OSI layer closest to the end user, which means both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the software application. When determining resource availability, the application layer must decide whether sufficient network or the requested communication exists.. (OSI_model#Layer_7:_application_layer)

The OSI (Open System Interconnection) model is a set of specifications that allow computers around the world to openly communicate. It is pivotal to understanding and developing computer to computer communications in a network. Each layer plays a role in the process of sending and receiving data. The application layer is the top layer (layer seven) it promotes communication between programs and lower-layer network services. The services at this layer allow the network to decipher a program's request and the program to decipher data sent from the network. The Application layer protocols, programs handles formatting, procedure, security, synchronization, and any other requirements with the network. The Presentation Layer (layer 6) acts as a translator. For instance these protocols decode the jpg/jpeg files sent within the Web server’s HTTP response. So, in the last step (the Application layer) we enter the Web address and it took us to the Web site. This step allows us to see the images and content of the site. The Session Layer (layer 5) regulates and controls the communication between two nodes on the network. It is an ongoing exchange of data between the two and keeps the connection between them for the duration. It keeps the communication secure, detects whether or not the communication has been cut off and if it has it determines where to restart the

The OSI Model is a model is used to define how data is theoretically passed on a network. Each layer is responsible and has its own duties for a network. The name of layer 3 in the OSI is the Network Layer. This layer is responsible for creating the paths for the transmission of data across the network. This layer provides routing and switching capabilities, as well as, internetworking, congestion control, and packet sequencing (Beal, 1999).

It is the software structure, which implements the communication function. The protocol architecture consists of a layered set of protocols, with one or more

The Application layer within the OSI reference model is where the application and the user communicates. In other words, the application layer is the ending of data that is transferred in visual form to the user. This layer provides the interface between the applications we use to communicate and the underlying network over which our messages are transmitted. The Application Layer functions are to provide the interface for application-specific protocols commonly used such as HyperText Transfer (HTTP), file transfer (FTP), Simple mail transfer (SMTP), Internet message Access (IMAP),

Layer 4 is the transport layer and utilises common transport protocols to enable network communications. This may include the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and Universal Data Protocol

Which layer of the OSI reference model handles logical addressing (IP addresses) and routing traffic?

10. Which of the following statements is true when comparing the OSI and the TCP/IP model as defined in RFC 1122? B) The lower four layers of TCP/IP define the same kinds of functions as the matching layer numbers from OSI.

One may wonder why the OSI model is so successful. The author believes that the OSI model’s manner of network-function organization is the cause of OSI’s great success: the model defines clearly each function that is essential in inter-computer communications, as well as the relationship between each of these functions. The author will further contend that the scope of OSI’s method of communication-functions organization is not limited to inter-computer communications. Rather, the model’s clear method of organizing the elements of a communications system is an efficient tool for analyzing the elements of any method of communication. The author will now demonstrate this point by evaluating the functionality of the Pony Express according to the layers of the Open Systems Interconnection reference model.

The application layer: this layer allows different applications to communicate with each other’s. In order to exchange different data over the network connection, the protocols included in this layer set up the standards such as DNS, HTTP, FTP. The data coded in this layer will be encapsulated to transport layer for further packing.

As it is my second semester this course is best till now, the main reason I have selected this course is my tutor Dr. Anne kohnke, the way she teaches the class is impressive and definitely very kind heartened woman. Also in the first semester she taught us Enterprise Information Technology the framework made to work efficiently by giving good knowledge in that course.