Zika Virus and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections in Latin America
Like other parts of the world, Latin America is also dealing with a sexually transmitted infection crisis. Infections remain largely understudied and under-reported in national health programs and agencies, and no regional agreement on how they should investigated has been reached. Additionally, though Latin American national health programs have studied the progression of HIV/AIDs, there are large discrepancies amongst countries in how they report STIs. Moreover, national health programs disseminating information about prevention and protection have only managed to partially curb the rates at which sexually transmitted infections spread. The heightened usage of contraceptive methods, such as condoms and birth controls, have not only failed to offset the number of unplanned pregnancies, but also failed to adequately check the transmission of STIs. Through the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), a branch of the World Health Organization (WHO), countries across the Americas agreed to reduce the number of new HIV and other STI infections, deaths due to AIDs complications, and other issues related
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The incidence of domestic violence, typically perpetrated by men in the relationships, is so astronomically high that the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) approximates that nearly forty-percent of women have suffered through some sort of violence. This number, however, is only an estimate, since more comprehensive data remains unavailable due to the silence that enshrouds cases of domestic violence. The image of Table 1: Domestic Violence in Latin America, provided by Stanford University, furnishes some alarming and insightful information surrounding studies of domestic violence in individual
Domestic violence is an issue that has not been given much attention in the Hispanic culture as it is seen as a norm. Domestic violence is defined “as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner” (justice.gov). Hispanics are affected more than the non-Hispanic populations when it comes to the consequences domestic violence brings and also the constant occurrence of domestic violence in the Hispanic
Wysocki, 2015 estimated that half of all people in the United States will have contracted a sexually transmitted disease in their lifetime. Numerous young women under age 25 haven’t been screened and are asymptotic. Infections impact individuals of all economic levels and backgrounds. Three sexually transmitted diseases are required to be reported by physicians to public health officials. These three are syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia. African American and Latinos have barriers which increase rates of sexually transmitted diseases (Sutton, 2012).
On the other hand, the causes of STD’s are probably growing by the numbers. Almost 1 million people die of AIDs/HIV each year. Due to recent history of STD’s the sickness was only in one part of the
Over one million cases of Chlamydia were reported to the CDC in 2013. Despite this large number of reports it actually was a decrease by 1.5% since 2012 (CDC, 2014). Epidemiology statistics showed an increase in reported syphilis, including congenital. Other sexually transmitted diseases can pose higher risks for acquiring HIV. According to new studies, HIV is growing faster in populations that are over 50 versus 40 years and younger (BenRose, 2014). Factors may play a role in this such as higher divorce rates, new medications, and safe sex measures. Therefore, it is important for the healthcare provider screen for sexual activity and any change in sexual partners to provide routine testing when necessary and education on preventive
According to data from the 2006 National Survey on the Dynamics of Household Relationships (Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares,ENDIREH), 10.72 % of Mexican women who are currently married, cohabiting, separated, or divorced have been subject- ed to sexual intimate partner violence (IPV), and 23.72 % have experienced physical violence at the hands of their cur- rent or previous partner….[However], women’s reactions and strategies for seeking help (or not) from public institutions and social networks have not received the same degree of attention” (Frías and Carolina Agoff, 2015).
Domestic violence involves the systematic use of force, threats and intimidation by one partner upon another in order for the dominating partner to have control over the victim. In general, women who are abused physically are often isolated. Their partners tend to control their lives to a great extent as well as verbally degrade them. Even though the Latina women are particularly vulnerable to domestic violence because of their culture, it does not mean that this situation does not exist in other societies. Domestic violence happens in all races, religions and social statuses. It could appear in any family and in order to prevent it, everyone in the society must have knowledge of the problem, and
The Hispanic community will continue to be affected by HIV/AIDS at higher rates due to their behaviors, social economic standing, and cultural beliefs. Preventions need to include these cultural beliefs and use those strong cultural beliefs to increase knowledge and safe sexual practices. Health care providers
In addition, there are gaps in the interpretation of notification data. Social stigma, discrimination against those affected by sexually transmitted infections and human rights abuse limit access to the available prevention and treatment strategies, and identifying the burden of the consequence from the STI on fertility.
As discussed in this paper, these women do not realize they are being victimized by their partners because of cultural values and influences. Using the Social-ecological model, it allows us to understand how violence may be prevented and the potential risk and protective factors that a Latina/Hispanic women may have (Cummings et al., 2012). When facing intimate partner violence, survivors often resort to formal and informal support systems such as, police, counselors, immediate family, and friends (Postmus et al., 2014; Rizo & Macy, 2011). Yet, these people may cause barriers when Latina/Hispanic women are in search for guidance. Cultural ties, gender roles, and religion play a role in determining why a women did not report the violence she has experienced (Gonzalez-Guarda et al., 2013; Kyriakakis, 2014; Rizo & Macy,
Your article reminds me Bangladesh, my native country. In Bangladesh, domestic violence is of the perennial problems that caused physical and mental harms of women. Your article showed 15.6 % of Latino women experienced IPV at their life time and physical, sexual, stalking, and threat were all used as abusive tactics in various configurations. In comparison to Latinos, Bangladeshi women are victims of IPV in a higher rate, though the means are limited only between physical and threat. But quite interestingly, people who migrated from Bangladesh to the US are taking acculturation so easily that significantly reduces this phenomenon.
On July 29th, 2006, Rafael Dangond and Lissette Ochoa were invited to a wedding party in an exclusive Country Club in the city of Barranquilla, Columbia. Dangond soon became outraged and aggressive after seeing Ochoa was dancing with a young male, who is one of her friends traveled from Venezuela to attend the wedding party. He fiercely attacked Ochoa once she exited the event and the violence constantly continued for over two hours. This extreme brutal act is a product of Dangond’s desires to control and dominate his wife because of his low self-esteem and extreme jealousy. As a result of Dangond’s abusive act, Ochoa suffered multiple physical traumas mainly on her head. Although Dangond’s performance seem to be a case of direct violence stemming from jealousy and frustration, it is also important to recognize the cultural and structural aspects involved in the conflict. The culture of domestic violence in Columbia, which are usually considered as being part of normal married life in the society and the vertically hierarchical relationships between husband and wife in a family must also be examined in order to fully determine the complexity of the conflict. Because of the vertical social structures, Dangond’s action is likely to continue between he and his wife. However, in order to decrease the prospect of future violence, laws regarding violence against women must be enforced and the abolition of the vertical familial patriarchal social system in
Illegal, Latina immigrant women experiencing domestic violence are highly unlikely to report this violence to law enforcement and are unable take legal action against their husbands. These women live in constant fear of being discovered and deported and consequently are unlikely to view law enforcement as a helpful resource. Immigrant women are more likely experience domestic violence due to a number of factors. Because of their illegal status, these women are more likely to live in poverty which, according to Bergen, means that they are more likely to experience male to female interpersonal violence (Bergen 2005). High in-home stress coupled with the constant fear of being discovered and deported also leads to a higher likelihood of violence (Barnett, Miller-Perrin, Perrin, 2011). Even if these women want to leave their home and take action against their husbands, most are economically dependent on their partners. While the United States has the Violence Against Women Act, or VAWA, which can aid illegal immigrants experiencing domestic violence in obtaining a visa, the fear of deportation keeps many women from seeking aid from social services and law enforcement. The lack of resources and fear ultimately allows domestic violence to perpetuate amidst an already vulnerable, invisible population.
Many married women in Peru suffer from domestic violence. Peruvian women accept it as part of marriage and that doesn’t seem right. Women shouldn’t have to feel like a minority compared to men. Women should speak up. No matter how much men say that they love you or that it won’t happen again, speak up. In the article I’ll Tell You a Story it states that “ a lot of women don’t speak out against domestic violence because they aren’t as educated about it as much.” Being educated about domestic violence is important because you will learn the difference between fake love and real love. “Their husbands will insult them and hit them, and the women believe that it’s their fault, that they deserve that kind of treatment.” With the strong machismo
In the last three decades HIV/ AIDS has become the one of the most notorious and widely spread diseases in the modern world. Its discovery in the late seventies prompted worldwide concern. The one thing that has become the most bothersome thing about the HIV/ AIDS epidemic is prevention. Prevention or stopping the transmission of the diseases is hindered by factors such as: denial or non-acceptance by infected persons, unsafe sex, and non-disclosure by infected persons to their at risk sexual partner(s). According to Alghazo, Upton, and Cioe (2011):
This began to change in the 1980s, as women’s groups were organized locally and internationally to demand attention to the physical, psychological, and economic abuse of women (p.369-370). Domestic violence is a serious social issue that happens to many women in our world today. This type of abuse is not declining but continually rising on a daily basis. There have been issues in the past with the way these cases were being handled. Today, there has been some improvement concerning the laws that have been enforced in order to protect women from this type of abuse. There has been extensive research done on this issue in the past concerning domestic violence. Over the last ten years there have been a number of surveys on domestic violence that have been published from around the world.