Sodium Bicarbonate Lab Report

The purpose of this lab was to see which level of light (measured in lux) made Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) leaf disks float the fastest. Our hypothesis was that an increase in light intensity will decrease the time it takes Spinacia oleracea disks to float. If light intensity is increased, then the time it takes Spinacia oleracea disks to float will be decreased. The mean for the no light (0 Lux) sample and the low light (4 x100 Lux) sample was 1200 seconds with no standard deviation because none of the disks in these two samples floated. The mean and standard deviation for the medium light (110 x100 Lux) was 902 seconds +- 84 seconds. The mean of the high light sample (410 x 100 Lux) was 692 seconds with no standard deviation because only two Spinacia oleracea disks floated so there was no need to measure the variability of the data. The final results indicated that the highest light intensity led to the quickest rise of Spinacia oleracea disks, supporting our hypothesis.

How does varying the type of organism (plant or animal) in the level affect the level of carbon dioxide?

A mixture, unlike a compound, can be separated by physical means. There are multiple ways in which a mixture can be separated; furthermore, the ways it can be separated is based on what the mixture is made up of.

In conclusion, the hypothesis is supported by the experiment. Only 2/10 disks floated to the top of the 0.1% NaHCO3 solution, while all 10 of the disks in the 0.2% NaHCO3 solution floated to the top. A potential follow-up experiment could be to test the affects of increased concentrations of carbonation on PS (Bagley et al., 2015). There was the possibility of human error and bias having impact on the experiment. When using syringes, the plunger may have been pulled too harshly and damaged some of the disks. This could have led to disks not floating to the top in the experiment. Another form of error could have been the use of disks that were cut from the veins of the leaf, which has less chloroplasts, meaning less process of photosynthesis happening, and result in the disks not floating to the

The purpose of this lab was to find out how gaviscon reacted with different salt solutions. Sodium Alginate is a compound that forms with the Gaviscon and forms a “raft” and blocks all the stomach acid from traveling up the esophagus.

The results from the lab is similar to the hypothesis; as the movement of the students increase, the time it takes for BTB to turn yellow decrease. Exerciser 1 started with standing and blowing onto the BTB solution. The average time it took for Exerciser 1 to turn the BTB yellow was 9.04 seconds. Exerciser 1 then walked around the room for a minute. The average time it took Exerciser 1 to turn the BTB yellow after walking for one minute was 5.80 seconds. Exerciser 1 chose the exercise of doing push-ups. The average time it took for Exerciser 1 to turn the BTB yellow was 4.82 seconds. This shows how the more intake of oxygen plus more movement causes the production of carbon dioxide the increase. This is also shown through Exerciser 2 who also

This experiment demonstrates the effects of pH on the rate of photosynthesis by examining the behavior of leaf disks in different pH solutions under light. In this experiment, we used five different pH levels: pH 5, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8 and pH 9. These solutions were created using a combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Spinancia olcerea or spinach, leaves were used in the experiment to examine the effects of pH on the rate of photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis was measured by counting the number of leaf disks that rose to the surface of the solution after each minute. In acidic solutions, the rate of photosynthesis increased while in basic solutions, the rate of photosynthesis decreased.

Student added solutions of 0.9% of sodium chlorine, 10% of sodium chlorine and distilled water to individual slides containing a drop of blood, then placed under the microscope, the following observation listed below took place, and were compared to the original slide number one. Slide#1 with one drop of sheep’s blood. The first slide was placed under the microscope under the magnification of 40x, and a thick red layer appeared with a white streak on the side. There was little air bubble spread on the layer, which looked like a piece of meat with lean on it.

The amount of soda ash needed for the experiment was calculated using the following equation: sample weight of unknown=0.1103M (18ml×150.99)/(10×2× %〖Na〗_2 〖CO〗_3 ) An analytical balance was used to weight the calculated amount of soda ash. A piece of weighing paper instead of a weighing boat was used. The mass was recorded. The weighed soda ash was transferred into a 250 mL beaker, then the sample was dissolved in approximately 70 mL of water. The pH meter and electrode was obtained, rinsed with DI water, and calibrated using pH 7 and pH 4 buffer. A burette was obtained, mounted on a ring stand, and filled with the standardized HCl solution, that was prepared in Experiment 2. Since magnetic stirring bars and stirring plates were not available, the students

Materials and Methods There were two main parts for the experiment performed. The items used for both parts were organic spinach leaves, aluminum foil, light bulbs, CO_2 sensor with Pasco Module and Sensor Extension Cable, two testing chambers, and a lamp. The hypothesis for the first part was that photosynthesis would occur in the presence of light, but it would not occur in the absence of light. For this part, CO_2 sensors were set up by connecting them to the Pasco® Module using the Sensor Extension Cable. After that the Pasco® Module was connected to the computer using the micro USB cable which opened SPARKvue software on the computer.

The class results for rate of oxygen production at pH 2 produced a mean value of 0.04 cm3 sec-1, from results ranging from 0.008 cm3 sec-1, to 0.07 cm3 sec-1, meaning the results were fairly consistent across the class. Somewhat more variation was seen across the class results for pH 4, producing a mean rate of 0.1 cm3 sec-1, with maximum and minimum values of 0.03 cm3 sec-1, and 0.20 cm3 sec-1, respectively. More variation was evident over the class results for pH 7, producing an average rate of oxygen production of 0.89 cm3 sec-1, with values for maximum of 0.98 cm3 sec-1, and minimum 0.80 cm3 sec-1. The second last result, pH 10, yielded an average rate of 0.09 cm3 sec-1, with values for maximum and minimum ranging from 0.03 to 0.18 cm3 sec-1, showing some variation. The final result achieved for pH 12 was a rate value of 0.05 cm3 sec-1, with maximum and minimum values of 0.10 and 0.01 cm3 sec-1, respectively.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light energy to synthesis carbohydrates (sugar) from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), in the presence of chlorophyll. Photosynthesis normally releases oxygen (O2) as a byproduct. This report investigates the effect Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on the rate of photosynthesis in Green Penny-wort.

The purpose of this lab is to test the effect of osmosis on cucumber slices. If a cucumber slice is placed in a hypertonic solution, then the mass of the cucumber slice will decrease. Whereas, if

The objective of this experiment was to prepare sodium chloride. When the sodium bicarbonate and 10% hydrochloric acid were combined, a fizzing sound and numerous bubbles occurred. This continued until about seventy drops of hydrochloric acid was added to the beaker containing sodium bicarbonate which then a clear liquid was produced. This reaction created sodium chloride which was found by heating the beaker, evaporating everything besides the HCl. As the evaporation took place, condensation occurred on the inside and steam rose from the beaker. The leftover sodium chloride was colorless and looked like small, salt like crystals.

For this experiment, a pH meter was used so this part of the experiment began with the calibration of the pH meter with specified buffers. The buret was then filled with the standard HCl solution and a set-up for titration was prepared. 200g of the carbonate-bicarbonate solid sample was weighed and dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water. The sample solution was then transferred into a 250-ml volumetric flask and was diluted to the 250-mL mark. The flask was inverted several times for uniform mixing. A 50-mL aliquot of the sample solution was measured and placed unto a beaker. 3 drops of the phenolphthalein indicator was added to the solution in the beaker. The electrode of the pH meter was then immersed in the beaker and the solution containing the carbonate-bicarbonate mixture was titrated with the standard HCl solution to the phenolphthalein endpoint. Readings of the pH were taken at an interval of 0.5 mL addition of the titrant. After the first endpoint is obtained, 3 drops of the methyl orange was added to the same solution and was titrated with the standard acid until the formation of an orange-colored solution. Readings of the pH were also taken at 0.5 mL addition of the titrant.