Soil moisture also affects the yield and competitiveness of the introduced strain. Cowie et al. (1996a, b) reported that waterlogging at any time have an adverse effect on the seed yield. Drought conditions severely affect the viability of different species and strains of rhizobia (Joshi et al., 1981; Osa-Afiana and Alexander, 1982). Singh et al. (1992) reported that at a available soil moisture of 45 per cent nodule number and dry weight of nodules increased while at 30 per cent available soil moisture, seed yield increased. Strains isolated from arid areas are more tolerant to dessication and high temperature than strains isolated from cooler and wet region. Bitorrini and Beringer (unpublished, cited by Dowling and Broughton, 1986) …show more content…
(1997)
Calcium carbonate Increase in nodule weight Almendras and Bottomley (1985)
Trace elements Zinc
Iron
Molybdenum
Boron Increase in nodulation Kumpawat and Manohar (1994) Bhuiyan et al. (1998)
Sonboir and Sarawgi (1998)
Cadmium Inhibits nitrogen fixation Mario et al., 2013
Almendras and Bottomley (1985) also concluded that there was a correlation between pH and phosphorus application. Phosphorus limitation was exacerbated by low pH and the combination of pH and phosphorus levels could have strong influence on competition for nodulation.
Iron plays an important role in micro-organisms and plants. This is a component of cell and its deficiency can cause growth inhibition, sporulation, decrease in RNA and DNA synthesis and, can also change the cell morphology. Iron exists in two states (Fe2+ and Fe3+) and therefore, it is suitable as an electron transporter. Iron is also known to regulate the bio-synthesis of porphyrins, toxins, vitamins, antibiotics, cytochromes, pigments, siderophores and aromatic compounds. Iron is present as a cofactor or required by different enzymes and proteins such as peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, nitrogenase, hydrogenase, glutamate synthase, rhibonuclotide diphosphate reductase, aconitase, DAHP, synthatase, cytochromes, ferridoxin and flavoproteins. Iron storage protein like ferritin in animals and bacterio-ferritin in micro-organisms have also been discovered (Stiefel and Watt, 1979).
Although iron is
Iron is a mineral found in the human body. It is a part of the protein hemoglobin of a cell, which transports oxygen from our lungs throughout our bodies.
Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to familiarize you with osmosis and, specifically, what happens to cells when they are exposed to solutions of differing tonicities.
Iron Deficiency Anemia affects millions of individuals across the world. This disease strikes many more women than men and has harmful effects on all who suffer from this deficiency that causes oxygen-carrying capacity to decrease. The causes can vary amongst different groups, but the aggravating symptoms remain constant. Much of the research on Iron Deficiency Anemia concentrates on not only the treatment of this disease, but also the prevention of it. To attain a better understanding of how to treat this problem, one must clearly know what Iron Deficiency Anemia means, what causes this disease, the effects of it, and finally how to cure it.
Iron is used in metabolical functions, in red-blood cells to carry oxygen, and in enzymes, to speed up reaction rates. One molecule that contains iron is hemoglobin, found in red-blood cells.
Iron is one of the important minerals that is required for our bodies to function properly. Most of the iron in our body is found in the blood such as haemoglobin, approximately 60 -70% of the human body’s iron is found in the haemoglobin, a protein in the blood that transports oxygen. Iron is also present in muscle tissue and some enzymes. There are two types of iron in the body which are “Heme Iron” from animal products and “Non-Heme Iron” vegetables and
Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic state where the rate of the reverse reaction is equal to the rate of the forward reaction. The chemical reaction is still occurring however the rate of reverse reaction is matching the rate of forward reaction hence the concentration of reactants (〖Hb〗_((aq) ) + O_(2 (g))) and products (HbO_2) no longer change, resulting in an equilibrium. (b) Which direction will equilibrium shift if the O_(2 ) concentration is increased?
The purpose of this experiment is to observe the natural process of osmosis using drops of sheep’s blood in various saline solutions. Since the cell membrane is a selective membrane, the water goes in and out freely but a solute such as NaCl it cannot freely move in or out. Osmosis is a passive process that doesn’t require the input of energy to transport water molecules across a membrane. The channels that allow water to enter or leave a cell are known as aquaporin. Using aquaporin, water moves from a solution with a low solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration. This process continues until equilibrium in solute concentration is established between a cell and its environment.
As we know that osmosis means diffusion or dispersion of water through a selectively permeable membranes from high concentration to a lower concentration and there are many different factors that can affect the rate of Osmosis such as temperature particle size and the size of concentration ingredient. As we know that higher temperature can cause osmosis to occur at much faster rate because a molecule are more likely to pass through the selectively permeable membrane quicker than they would at a lower temperature. In this experiment the sucrose molecule was too large to pass through the dialysis bag, while water molecule able to move freely in and out due to their small size. Lastly the congregation gradient can greatly affect the rate of osmosis
Aim The aim of this experiment is to test the effect of selected variables on the osmotic pressure during desalination. The variables being researched include: the size of the cation, different salinities and the solubility of a number of salts normally found in seawater. Background Information I have for a number of years been interested in environmental issues such as water consumption and the carbon footprint that characterizes our modern societies. In a previous experiment I created an organic geyser, designed to use compost to provide a source of energy to heat water.
Iron is an essential element in the human body. It can be found in the hemoglobin and transferrin of the bloodstream, and in myoglobin in muscle tissue. The main purpose of iron is to transfer oxygen within the body. To gain iron, humans must consume a diet that consist abundantly of iron such as leaf vegetables, fish, beans, etc. Absorption of iron is especially important because less than 15% of iron in daily diets are absorbed and used (Jacobs 1971). The formation of iron (II) occurs in the stomach because of its low
The purpose of this experiment is to learn how to measure mass and volume and to determine the density of water, alcohol, and a solid. We will be using a laboratory scale or balance and the graduated cylinder to determine the density of water and of alcohol. First, place an empty graduated cylinder on a balance, determine its mass and record the value under the Density of Water: Data Table. Next, pour 25 mL of tap water into the graduated cylinder. Place the cylinder on the lab bench and read the volume of the water using the bottom of the meniscus and the volume makings on the cylinder. Then, replace the cylinder filled with water back on the balance to weigh and record the mass of both cylinder and water. Next, subtract the mass of the empty
During this experiment, many trends and patterns were found and noticed. The first trend occurred early in the experiment, this is the trend that the solution with sucrose started out faster that the solution with sodium chloride and this can be seen in how it is faster in reaching the sound of crackling. However, further along the experiment the solution with sodium chloride starts overtaking the solution with sucrose resulting in a faster evaporation time. The next trend, that can be seen in my graph and tables is how the independent variables take less than 3 minutes in transforming from one change to the other, e.g. from small bubbles to big bubbles. Adding to this, if we compare the averages of the same amount of independent variables,
Part 3 of the experiment utilized Spectrophotometry to determine the iron content in the iron (III) oxalate complex. The results were combined with findings from Part 1 and
Purpose: To see the effect of an acid introduced during seed germination, on the length of the plant roots. Also shows how salt can affect the seed germination. Acid can be introduced to seeds during germination if there is acid rain. Knowing the results of acid rain on seed germination will help us understand how to grow pants better, and how to have more successful germination. Salt can be introduced into a seed during germination because salt is put on roads and the salt builds up and can contaminate the soil. Knowing the effects of salt on seed germination will allow us to know for sure if the salt is affecting the plants growth or not.
All plants are subjected to a multitude of stresses throughout their life cycle. Depending on the species of plant and the source of the stress, the plant will respond in different ways. When a certain tolerance level is reached, the plant will eventually die. When the plants in question are crop plants, then a problem arises. The two major environmental factors that currently reduce plant productivity are drought and salinity (Serrano, 1999), and these stresses cause similar reactions in plants due to water stress. These environmental concerns affect plants more than is commonly thought. For example, disease and insect loss typically decrease crop yields by less than ten percent, but severe