South Sud A Peace Deal Doomed

The war began when Muslim fundamentalist became unhappy with the Addis Ababa Agreement and in 1983. President Gaafar Nimeiry declared sudan an Islamic state including south sudan. Obviously some people were not pleased specifically south sudan. This caused rebel armies to form fighting the government of sudan. John Garang leading the SPLA (Sudan people's liberation army) fought the central government from a headquarters in southern sudan. Rights of non-Muslims were not protected as promised and later in 1992 SPLA headquarters was captured in Torti by government forces. As the war continued the Sudan government and the rebels attacked and raided villages in Sudan. Later in 1995 many rebel groups from all over sudan came together to form the NDA (National Democratic Alliance). A peace treaty was formed in 2005 to make South Sudan independent in six years but for now they had complete autonomy. A few other agreements were as follows: Oil revenues and Jobs were split equally, also Islamic laws were kept only to the north.

‘The war in Darfur” is an armed conflict in the Sudan Darfur region that began in 2003 and is still ongoing, and in 2005 it was later declared as a civil war against Chad and Central African Republic.

Ever since the start of the civil war (December 2013) in South Sudan, tensions have been running high between two opposing groups. Those who support the President, Salva Kiir, and those who support his fired deputy, Rick Machar. This conflict has caused food shortages and disease for many people. The one thing the parties have in common is the brutal violence especially towards women. According to the article,

The second civil war started in 1983 because of longstanding issues uplifted by then President Jaafar Nimeiri's choice to implement Sharia law. Arrangements between the government and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army, or SPLM/An of southern Sudan occurred in 1988 and 1989, however were deserted when General Omar al-Bashir took power in the 1989 through military coup. The Fighting over resources, southern self-determination, and the role of religion in the state raged between the Sudanese government and the SPLM/A for over two decades. The war left two and a half million people dead and four million people displaced. (Enoughproject.org)

To all S. Sudan citizens bear in mind that all men are brothers. Therefore, I urge you to embrace tolerance and a culture of peace, violence is a bittersweet vice that you’re not supposed to embrace. For the leaders transition your people to prosperity and alleviate human suffering. To all the wonderful of South Sudan people we advocate pursuance of Education; when people are in possession of knowledge they beat a path that leads to their doorstep. People need people to succeed in life ;to all S. Sudan Natives appreciate the presence of UNIMISS personnel ,and bear in mind they are here to make your lives, and this country a better place for you to reside, cherish and be proud to be S. Sudan

It all started in the 1990s.This Revolution United Front (RUF) was fighting against the government and ECOMOG supported the government. The conflict still between civilians continued, in 1995 to 1996, the United Nations Secretary-General appointed Mr. Berhanu Dinka to easy the conflict. Mr. Dinka collaborated with the government of African Unity (OAU) and ECOWAS to negotiate an agreeable peace settlement to end the conflict so that the country can return back to civilian rule. Sierra Leone held Parliamentary and presidential elections in 1996, and the army relinquished power to the winner, Alhaji Dr. Ahmed Tejan Kabbah. The RUF refused to recognize it, which caused another military coup d’état in 1997 that led the new President Kabbah and his government to exile in neighboring Guinea. Another person was appointed Mr. Francis G. Okelo from Uganda with other representatives to Liberia to persuade the Sierra Leonean soldiers to step down but they did not succeed by the UN. After all the struggles and disagreements, there was an established peace agreement in Conakry, which called for a ceasefire to be monitored by ECOMOG. Around, November, President Kabbah indicated that he had accepted the agreement and stated his Government will cooperate with ECOWAS, ECOMOG, the United Nations and UNHCR in the implementation of their respective roles. Although the SL military

He has yet to be turned over. Major protests in Sudan have broken out with increased violence, and the government has forcefully expelled aid agencies. The government signed a ceasefire with Justice and Equality Movement in february of 2010 with an agreement to pursue peace. However these peace talks have been interrupted with claims that the Sudanese army is continuing to launch raids and air strike on Darfur

This was a political squabble first and foremost, and many of President Kiir's critics were from his own ethnic group. A political squabble has become a conflict - and one with nasty ethnic undertones. The major political unrest began on December 15th as a huge clash between army units belonging to President Salva Kiir and those backing Machar, who the President accused of an attempted coup. On December 15, 2013, a long standing power struggle between South Sudanese President Salva Kiir and his former Vice President Dr. Riek Machar came to a head. Both men claim allegiance to the ruling Sudan People's Liberation Movement, South Sudan's most powerful political party. President Kiir has criticized the fighting as an attempted way to overthrow him and his government, from his ambitious rival. Instead of the eruption of violence, there had been the consequence of a huge political crack between President

It is about fourteen years now since the outbreak of the bloody conflict in Darfur region, western part of the Republic of Sudan. The crisis in Darfur is not an unintentional tragedy, or a human devastation that humanitarian intercession can annul or solve. Darfur conflict is as not straightforward as presented in the media, which casts the clash in requisite ethnic conflicts between Arabs and black Africans. The veracity is far more messed up. It is a human being catastrophe that finally reinvented into a sadistic cycle of brutality in February, 2003.

However, it does not seem as if the United States hopes of having a western friendly nation in a volatile region will occur as both nations continue to spend a large sum of the money invested arming their militias in preparation for more fighting (NYT 2012). In a short time, it became apparent that neither country would survive without some form of negotiation. While an agreement would in no way put an end to the violence between the two states, it would prevent them from spiraling toward an economic disaster. In recent news, with massive pressure from many international governmental organizations such as the United Nations Security Council, or the UN, Sudan President Omar al-Bashir and South Sudan President Salva Kiir have been in constant communication to negotiate a proper price regarding the exportation and processing of the oil. The UN approved a resolution in May 2012 threatening economic sanctions if an agreement could not be made between the two nations. The UN feared that the fighting in Sudan and South Sudan would spread across the continent, posing a "serious threat to international peace". Even Russia and China, who have resisted voting against sanctions in Sudan in the past have approved such resolutions (Kron). Without international support, Sudan and South Sudan would not be able to survive, and thus have been forced to speed up negotiations. While the finishing touches of

The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People 's Liberation Army. It was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it originated in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and Blue Nile. It lasted for 22 years and is one of the longest civil wars on record. The war resulted in the independence of South Sudan six years after the war ended.

While still struggling to achieve peace with Sudan since its independence in 2011, South Sudan is now rife with inner-conflict. Rebel forces led by the former Vice-President Riek Machar want to overthrow the South Sudanese government, led by President Salva Kiir.

The origin of the war between these two regions goes back to the 1950s when the country, which was previously two separate nations, was made one after World War II by the west. Shortly after this union, Sudan was emancipated from England. 1983 marks the beginning of the violent relations between the North and South Sudan. The initiation of this conflict was brought forth by the Islamic Sudanese of the North, invading with military force the Southern Sudanese Christians . From 1983, it is estimated that at least two million people have been killed in the violent duration of this genocide, most of whom are of the Christian faith and lead non-violent civilian lives. Attention on human trafficking was brought into the international community’s scope with close proximity to the beginning of the violence as two professors from the University of Khartoum shed light on the subject. Ushari Ahmad Mahumud and Suleyman Ali Baldo learned about the genocide and enslavement being practiced on the Dinka people, a tribal group in the southern Sudan, and upon this discovery they dicided to investigate it further. What they found was that raiders from the north were killing the Southern Christian men and kidnapping the women and children to be sold into slavery. The most disturbing part of this discovery was the newfound knowledge that this had been going on for over two years. Professors Mahumud and Baldo

‘To what extent did the choice of nation-building and reconciliation help South Africa avoid a pending civil war from 1990-1994’

In this paper, I will explain South Africa’s foreign policy and national security concerns over the ongoing conflict in Syria. In order to understand how Syria developed into its current state, I will then provide an overview of the history of the country. The history will begin at the end of World War I after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and will then continue through French control and the subsequent uprising. It will then proceed on to World War II, the founding of the Baath Party, and the joining of the United Arab Republic. As the overview approaches the 21st century, I will briefly cover the rise of Assad, the war with Israel, and the uprising in Hama. Lastly, I will cover the Assad succession, tensions with the United States, and on through the nationwide uprising of 2011. In the next section of this paper, I will cover South Africa’s foreign policy concerns with Syria including statements they have made and their general feelings and opinions of the ongoing situation. Next, I will elaborate on South Africa’s foreign policies regarding Syria. This section will include what intervention they advocate, their policies on refugees, and their overall belief of what should be done about the conflict. Finally, the paper will draw to a close with a conclusion concerning what should be done about the conflict in Syria.