Spina Bifida Disorder

Spina Bifida is the most common permanently disabling birth defect in the United States. Spina Bifida happens when a baby is in the womb and the spinal column does not close all the way.There are four types of Spina Bifida, Occulta, Closed Neural tube defects, Meningocele, and Myelomeningocele. Spina Bifida Occulta is one or more vertebrae are not properly formed. In Closed Neural tube defects it consists of a diverse group of defects in which the spinal cord is marked by malformations of fat, bone, or meninges. Meningocele is spinal fluid and meninges protrude through an abnormal vertebral opening. And Myelomeningocele is the most severe and occurs when the spinal cord/neural elements are exposed through the opening in the spine, resulting

Another study was conducted in Chile by Cortes et al, and this study’s aim was similar to De Wals et al’s aim which was whether there is an impact of folic acid fortification on NTDs’ prevalence or not (Cortes et al., 2012). The researchers held an observation program in a specific hospital to detect the rate of occurrence of NTDs in stillbirths and livebirths (Cortes et al., 2012). The researchers showed that total NTDs’ prevalence decreased from prefortification period to postfortification period, and the reduction of spina bifida was about 52% in postfortification (Cortes et al., 2012). Therefore, this study is one of the studies that

Scientists have found that spina bifida has been in existence for thousands of years. In the mid-1600s Nicolaas Tulp, a Dutch anatomist, first described the disease in detail and gave it the name spina bifida. He described this disease, along with over 200 others, in his book Observations Medicae. Later in 1761, Giovanni Battista Morgangni contributed to the knowledge of spina bifida when he described hydrocephalus and its association with spina bifida. German doctors Rudolf Verchow and Hans Chiari helped contribute to spina bifida research. Verchow came up with the name spina bifida occulta in 1875. In 1891, Chiari described a condition where the cerebellum sticks out into the upper part of the spinal column, and it was named Chiari type II malformations (Watson, 2009).

Spina bifida is a birth condition characterized by the incomplete development of the spine. Many students with spina bifida are able to be educated in the general education classes. There are three different types of spina bifida and can have diverse medical and academic problems. Many students with spina bifida do not stand out from other students. A student with spina bifida will often need crutches, braces, or a wheelchair. Many of the students will also be cathererizated and will need a nurse to help with the self-catheterization. Most students with spina bifida will have average intelligence and tend to be proficient is reading and spelling. Difficulties may surface in retention of information, organization, reasoning, and impulsivity.

The three neural tube defects detailed in the textbook are spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. Of the three defects, myelomeningocele causes the most neurological deficit. It results when the external sac contains meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord or its nerve roots. A myelomeningocele frequently results in permanent neurological difficulties, including paralysis, bladder and bowel dysfunction, twisted or abnormal legs and feet, and Chiari malformation. Spina bifida occulta, on the other hand, is the most common neural tube defect but the least severe. It generally will not cause neurological dysfunction, but sometimes associates with foot weakness or bowel and bladder disturbances. Spina bifida

When one contemplates the concept of eugenics, few think of modern contraception and abortion when in reality they are one in the same. The American Eugenics Society, founded in 1923, proudly proclaimed that men with incurable “conditions” should be sterilized. However these conditions were often none that could be helped, such as, one’s intelligence, race, and social class (Schweikart and Allen 529-532). The purpose of the society was to create the perfect class of men; elite in all ways. Likewise, Margaret Sanger’s feminist, contraceptive movement was not originally founded with this purpose. It was marketed as a way to control the population and be merciful to those yet to be born, again determined also by race and

Birth defects are not uncommon in our society today. In fact, 1 in every 33 babies born each year in the United States, are born with a birth defect. Overall, 120,000 children are affected with impairments and disabilities (CDC). Spina bifida falls under the category of neural tube defects. Spina bifida is a birth defect that affects an infant’s spinal cord and brain. Spina bifida affects around 1,500 to 2,000 children each year (March of Dimes). There are several forms of this disability, each varying from life-threatening to mild.

People don’t know how serious Spina Bifida is. The Health Reference Series (2004) stated that Spina Bifida is one of the most devastating birth defects occurring in 1 out of 1,000 newborns in the United States. Resulting from a failure in the development of the spine while still in the womb, this condition has many limitations. Many faced with mobility problems which can improve with the assist of wheelchairs and crutches while others go through the exhausting medical care throughout the years. This condition could also have some potential damage in learning abilities such as grasping new information and difficulty paying attention in any given task. Those at a higher exposure to this condition are pregnant women who have Spina Bifida themselves

Spina Bifida is congenital, meaning it is from birth. Not all ethnicities, races and genders are affected with the disease. As stated in an article by My Child Without Limits, Spina Bifida mostly affects Hispanics and Caucasians from European descent. It is rare in African Americans, Asians, and Ashkenazi Jews (p.4). Although it is most common in certain races/ethnicities, it is a worldwide disease. According to an organization that is called My Child Without Limits,“ Gender appears to play a role; more female babies are born with spina bifida than males” (My Child Without Limits). According to the CDC, 1,500 babies are born with Spina Bifida in the United States in 1 year. One reason for European descent becoming ill with Spina Bifida is that it is genetic. Those of European descent will then reproduce more children with the disease. For women that have Spina Bifida in their DNA, they should take more Folic Acid during the early weeks of the pregnancy to try to prevent Spina Bifida. People with no trace of Spina Bifida in their family should still take Folic Acid supplements during pregnancy to try to prevent Spina Bifida. As shown above, Spina Bifida does not affect all races, genders and

Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes tumors to form in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. There are 3 types of this disorder. Type 1 usually appears in childhood, while type 2 and 3 appear in early adulthood. Type 3 can cause chronic pain throughout the body. Some cases may not require treatment other than careful observation. Other cases may require chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery. In this essay i will explain the causes of the disorder, symptoms, treatment, and a day in the life of that person

How did you feel after learning that your son was affected by spina bifida? “To begin with I don’t think either I or my husband really understood the complexities of the disorder and so I think it was just a very scary time for us initially…After talking to doctors and getting support from my family it was easier for me to accept the outcome but I knew that abortion was not really a choice I was willing to take and so I tried to find people who had completed the birth of a baby in the same situation as me and my husband to help support my decision of keeping Adam.”

Spina Bifida is a very serious and unpredictable disease it affects many people their are numerous of symptoms that come with this disease it's growing worldwide which is an problem. This disease is a growing problem it's becoming a big problem because scientist are still trying to find a cure and leads to this disease and why is it affecting so many people it's growing rapidly.

In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, symbolism and allegories were used to show how the children who are stranded on an island have a huge struggle with civilization and savagery. Ralph, Piggy, Jack, and Simon are the ones in the novel that struggle with this the most.

In Australia, the reasonableness and effectiveness of folic acid being mandatorily fortified to support healthy pregnancy when considering the occurrence of NTDS in Australian children due to the amount their mothers have consumed of folic acid during pregnancy. The main purpose for creating a mandatory policy to include folic acid to the wheat flour of non-organic bread in Australia is to reduce the incidence of NTDs across the nation. Substantial rates of NTDs occur worldwide as significantly more folate is needed early in pregnancy than in other life stages. This early stage of pregnancy is often when women are unaware that they are pregnant. The folate is required for the development of the embryonic neural tube, which develops into

According to the Business Dictionary (2015), organizational leadership is define as the management staff that typically provides inspiration, objectives, operational oversight, and other administrative services to a business. Effective organizational leadership can help prioritize objectives for subordinates and can provide guidance toward achieving the overall corporate vision. In general, a job description for a college dean derives from memories of previous successes and failures and are not necessarily designed with any clear understanding of what someone in the position will be required to do or what skills and aptitudes he/she will need to possess to carry out the charge (Wolverton, Gmelch, Montez, & Niles, 2001). Both definitions