Student 's Performance As Cause Effect Phenomen A Multilevel Approach

In an intelligence-based economy, education is important to national prosperity and individual success. Huge achievement gaps and opportunities must shrink to non-existence, and every student must receive a well education that prepares them for college and careers in the world as it is today. Comparing the United States education system to other countries shows that the United States scored lower than nineteen other counties and education systems in reading in the 2012 Program for International Student Assessment. Germany and Poland in particular are two countries that have now surpassed the United States. During the same study, scores showed that twenty-nine nations outperformed the United States by a large amount in mathematics, and in science, there have been twenty-two education systems that scored higher than the United States (Heitin).

There are many countries where culture or religion can sometimes deny certain peoples ' right to have an education, restricting them from going to school to learn. Those countries don’t see the benefits people can get from learning new languages, or learning their own history. One of these countries that do such restrictions of education is Pakistan. In the country of Pakistan, some people think that there is no use of education, it 's unnecessary

Proud parents happily celebrating as their children are able to move onto a university level education, and continue into the job world well-equipped and ready to bring in a substantial income. Families escaping poverty after generations of impoverished relatives. If only life in Pakistan reflected this utopia. The reality is that thousands of tired, hungry children still struggle to get to school and receive a proper education. Families cannot send their kids, and the cycle of poverty proves inescapable. Until the government intervenes, there is no way for the country to pull itself out of an impoverished state and bring prosperity for future generations. With minimal federal intervention, Pakistan could swiftly increase the standard of living and level of education for its citizens. Every day, more and more young girls and boys could be trekking to newly constructed school buildings with a lunch in hand and the realization that they will learn substantial and relevant information with their newly appointed teacher. Literacy rates will spiral upwards, and the poverty strain will ease slightly. Although it will take time, this improved world can be achieved through the assistance of the federal government to already existing groups working to alleviate

Women’s illiteracy in Afghanistan as high as 85 percent and the new government has been a broad program not only for children but also for the adults. Mazar-I-sharif has 172 registered adults’ literacy classes and more are opening all the time as teachers and women to receive the free lesson.

Literacy rates are important beyond the obvious reasons of having an educated society, as for some developing countries, the youth may represent the largest segment of the population, which predicts the future capacity of a nation. For literacy rates to improve, government expenditure on education is a key indicator for the youth to have accessible education at little to no costs, gain employment opportunities and be part of the political process of their country (Unicef, 2016). Given the importance of literacy among children and adults, there is no doubt why it’s recognized as a right for all and contributes not only to modernizing societies but improving economic growth. The most common understanding of literacy is understood in terms of having a set of discrete skills such as reading, writing, and skill-based training (Midgley, Davies, Oliver, & Danaher, 2014, p. 127). Pervez Musharaf’s nine-year rule remained of the longest in the history of Pakistan, but which also brought many changes in the capacity socio-economic indicators for the country. To consolidate his power and become more elusive after overthrowing an elected government in 1999, he put social policies and structural reforms at the top of his priorities, which led to the economy growing (Khan, Amjad, & Din, 2005, p. 456). In fact, his tenure laid the groundwork for important reforms to build strong institutions, which became apparent by 2008, as not only “annual GDP at

Therefore, I am planning to impact in the field of literacy by creating a critical literacy curriculum for Pakistani minority out-of-school children, so they can unshackle themselves from the heavy burden of child labor, religious discrimination, egregious slavery at brick kiln, and gender inequality. In addition, I will equip and train the Pakistani pastors and lay leaders about how to enhance the children literacy skills, and how to utilize church facilities and community centers for a literacy program. Consequently, at the completion of their literacy program, Pakistani Christian children will be able to read the living word of God, get the strength to endure persecution, share the gospel with their Muslim neighbors and friends, and stand for their basic human

Nichols et al. cites that the problem of using standardized assessment in higher education is deeper than the few benefits that come with it. Institutional effectiveness has continued to be measured by inputs mostly in terms of financial resources, and the academic qualifications of students before they are enrolled into the institutions of higher learning. Once the students qualify to join these institutions, they are exposed to a series of standardized tests which are used to measure their academic outcomes (30). One evident fact however is the fact that standardized tests cannot be used to quantify student outcomes. When it comes to measuring essential qualities such as creativity, intellectual integrity, personal self-delivery, tolerance, wisdom, refinement of taste and conduct, and psychological well-being, then standardized tests almost prove useless in the realms of higher education.

When one speaks of intelligence or how bright another person is, the often quoted figure is the IQ or intelligence quotient. It is the most often used standard of how smart a person is. This paper shall look at what intelligence tests measure, how the IQ tests measure intelligence and interrogate their history. It shall then apply the tests to school policy and hence evaluate their validity.

Education is the root and foundation of a person’s growth in life. This is where skills are being developed as well as knowledge, awareness, and comprehension are being supplied. In spite of their ethnic root, monetary status, and religious convictions, all Filipinos have the right to access education (Castro, 2014). Unfortunately, not all are receiving the adequate and stable way of having a smooth learning because of the lack of school, teachers, money, limited resources, and even because of militarization around the world.One of them are the Indigenous People of Mindanao in the Philippines called the Lumad. According to DepEd (n.d), 48% of the population in the Philippines did not finish basic education and these are the street children, farmers, indigenous people, and others. The functional literacy, education, and mass media survey last 2013 indicates that 4 million children are out of school from ages 6 to 24 years old. Ages 6 to 14 years old are out- of- school children who are not able to attending classes and people with ages 15 to 24 years old are out- of -school youth who are not attending school, college, or not working.

Education is the most essential thing in order to grant success in life. Unfortunately, not everyone is able to receive the education they need and this leads to the division of people into two groups: educated and uneducated people. Both types have advantages and disadvantages. Educated are the ones who have completed their minimal education level and proceeded with their higher studies of their choice like (post graduation, graduation, PhD) and attained a qualification in their studies. Uneducated are the ones who have not crossed or completed their minimal educational qualification. They can be evaluated in terms of economical power, mentality, and social status.

Academic achievement encourages the students to work hard and learns more. It is the status or level of the person’s learning and his ability to apply what he has learnt. It refers to the knowledge attained and skills developed in the school subjects who are assessed by school authorities with the help of achievement test which may be standardized or non-standardized. It also helps the teacher to know whether their teaching was effective or not and therefore helps them according to bring improvement. Academic achievement determines the student’s status in the class. It gives children an opportunity to develop their talents, improve their grades and prepare for the future academic challenges.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between conscientiousness, academic performance and intellectual ability. Hypothesis one stated that there would be a significant positive relationship between intellectual ability and academic performance. As the previous literature suggested, hypotheses one was supported by the data as there was a significant weak positive relationship.

Schools are and will forever be learning institutions, but learning isn’t limited to purely comprehension and fact memorization that can be found in books. Furthermore, knowledge is an unquantifiable metric and similarly, grades and scores have a multitude of factors that could affect the results. This is not to devalue good academic standing but rather raising a question of “Do we want to develop students holistically or

Academic success is largely attributed to intellectual ability in everyday life, even though this supports the literature that is intellectual ability does have a large role over academic success it is only one of many factors that can influence academic success, in this study the effect of intellectual ability will be tested against academic success of students to verify and reproduce the results that exist in abundance within multiple studies (Chamorro-Premuzic & Arteche, 2008). Therefore, we will be testing whether the relationship between intellectual ability and academic performance is significant or not. This constructs the first hypothesis for the study:

According to National Institute for Educational Development, though the “renovation” time, nearly 94% of the populations of 15 years of age and over are literate. All of the provinces and cities have achieved the national standard for illiteracy eradication and primary education universalisation. Some advantaged cities and provinces have been progressing to the universalisation lower secondary education. The average number of years attending school for population is 7.3. Primary school enrolment is almost universal, net enrolment in primary education has increased from 87% in 1998 to 92% in 2000. Similarly, net enrolment in lower secondary education has increased from 30% in 1993 to 74% in 2000. Gender differences in primary school are cooperatively small and the quality of basic education has been gradually improving through the introduction of reformed curriculum. During the last ten years higher education has been increased 100%. There are 118 students per 10,000 population in 2000, and increase to 670 in 2007. Vocational training