Summary of this study The study examines two hypotheses in connection with arrests related to domestic assault. The authors investigated the accuracy of Black's relational-distance thesis which says that the possibility of arrest increases with the distance of relationship increase between victim and perpetrator. In other words, the less closely related the perpetrator is to victim, the more likely eh police are to arrest perpetrator. The second hypothesis that the researchers rested was Klinger's leniency principle which suggests that arrests of male perpetrators who assault intimate female partners (or relatives) are lower than for those who assault other females (less intimate to theme). In this way,t he two hypotheses are related in that both assume that the closer the relationship between perpetrator and victim, the less seldom the arrest. The authors tested their hypothesis by consulting the records of National Survey of Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women and Men in the United States, 1994-1996, and conducting logistic regression models against the data. The first part of the hypothesis was supported. Authors did find that the less intimate the relationship between perpetrator and victim, the more likely the police were to make an arrest. In other words, an acquaintance, a relative, or a romantic partner of the victim, faced different possibilities of arrest with the acquaintance facing a higher possibility than the romantic partner. In the
Statistic’s have suggested violence is perpetrated against women in almost half of all marriages (Domestic Violence).Statistic’s gathered from 1994 indicate domestic violence causes almost 100,000 days of hospitalization, 30,000 emergency room visits, 40,000 trips to the doctor every year, and 50% of all homeless woman and their children are fleeing domestic violence( Domestic Violence).
The collection of all this data allows for theoretical explanations by criminologists on the social interactions between the victim and the offender(s).
Domestic violence is a crime that occurs regularly within the United States. It claims millions of victims each year. There is not a specific cause to establish why domestic violence occurs. However, it has been documented that domestic violence is a product of physical, emotional, sexual, psychological, and any other forms of torture or torment that the particular abuser wishes to employ to gain control or power over their victims (Gosselin, 2005). Due to the complexity of this crime, many criminologists and socialologists have studied its causes and the effects in order to determine social policies and additional theories to better understand the causation of domestic violence. The social policies and theories that are developed from
Domestic violence against women happens around the world every day, but the main focus of location discussed in this paper is Washington State. Females are most likely to suffer domestic violence abuse from someone that they know. In such cases, it has been a spouse that is the attacker. Women escape these violent crimes and reach out for help, but not every time. Based off of the data collected, I strongly believe that females are more often victims of domestic violence than males.
Through, the years Domestic abuse and police arrests has impacted society because the police officers failed to provide equal protection towards women who are victims towards sexual abuse. Therefore, the policy reform was established to reduce crimes and political power. However, violent crimes have been categorized with higher rates of proscution.Women were not provided with equal protection against domestic abuse and increased the rate of victims who are incarcerated. Women who encountered domestic violence have been arrested for self-defense. Victims of domestic abuse have been physically forced and violently assault in order to take advantage of them and form authority over them. In order to understand the social world we need to include women experiences towards domestic violence and mandatory arrest in order to reduce crimes and prevent victims from being incarcerated.
Throughout history, women have continuously found themselves as the subjects of oppression. Although the treatment of women has drastically changed over time, women are still exposed to much of the violence that exists today. Per the National Organization for Women, “young women, low-income women and some minorities are disproportionately victims of domestic violence and rape” (National Organization for Women, 2016). Women-centered violence is highly prevalent and reoccurring all over the world, even in our local communities. Individuals may be hesitant to consider just how much violence against women affects their communities.
The article constructs domestic violence as an issue of gender, race and socioeconomic status. Women are identified as the “majority” of victims (Taylor 2014). Consequently, the article conceptually represents domestic violence as events of intimate terrorism where one partner violently terrorizes the other partner to gain complete control over the relationship, which is entirely perpetrated by men (Johnson 2012). With that said, Johnson (2012) points out that majority of domestic violence is situational couple violence, where both the man and the
This essay will critically analyse the significant changes that have occurred within domestic violence which is viewed as a vital subject within the criminal justice system. It will explore the way that domestic violence has progressively become a concerning issue in the criminal justice system from being relatively acceptable in recent history. In addition to this, the essay will explore legislation changes in relation to domestic violence and how the police have arguably been forced to change their attitudes towards a problem that was once thought of as a private regard. It will critically analyse the theories put forward as to why domestic violence occurs in today’s society. It will explore the weaknesses within the criminal justice system, especially the police in regards to domestic violence, the police previously viewed domestic violence as a matter of which they should not get involved. However as mentioned in the essay, after many reviews within the system, many improvements have been made to help protect the victim.
The Purpose of this paper is to understand what Domestic violence is and it will also describe the justice system and how it fails to help the victims of domestic violence.
In today’s society, domestic violence is an enormous problem that we live with. Domestic Violence is the greater common form of assault or battery encountered by police. Domestic violence don’t discriminate against age, gender, sex orientation and race. We live in a society that was built on conflicts, we also live a life that is full of hate, anger, lust and envy. The majority of the domestic violence cases that police officer intervene with, the cause was jealousy. The traditional police response to this case is for non-intervene since they believe that any couples’
Perpetrators and victims are often found to be less popular and more vulnerable
According to data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), in 2003 to 2012, domestic violence accounted for almost a quarter of all violent crimes committed. According to the same survey conducted, only 55% of those domestic violence crimes were reported to the police. Based on a study that was conducted on past domestic violence crimes, there was a decline of domestic violence from 1994-2003 but in recent years, depending on the type of intimate partner violence, each either had a small increase or stayed the same (Truman, 2014).
Like all theories in criminology, victim precipitation ties in to how and why crime happens. While a majority of theories seem to concentrate mainly on the mannerisms and objectives of the offender, victim precipitation works toward understanding the interaction and/or relationship between the victim and the offender. According to this theory, the victim is looked at as a participant in the crime. This happens in one of two ways: first, the victim is the contributor in the crime who makes the first move; and second, the victim encourages or aggravates the offender into committing the crime. These are the main workings of the theory.
The subject of husband-battering had finally been addressed, but not to the great satisfaction of anyone. Although it had finally been shown that there was violence being perpetrated both by wives and husbands, there was no information about relative frequency or severity, or who initiated the abuse and who was acting in self defense. Furthermore, some researchers became concerned that the use of police or social services references in choosing subjects to study might be biasing the results. In short, they recognized that battered husbands might be nearly invisible next to their female counterparts.
Equivalent group hypothesis suggests that victims and offenders are one and the same. That they are both part a high-risk lifestyle.