Hypothesis: We hypothesize that reagent Malonate will inhibit Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Background: Malonate, also known as propanedioate, is a classic example of a competitive inhibitor. Malonate has a molecular structure that is similar to succinate, so it has the ability to bind to the active site of succinate dehydrogenase and inhibit enzyme activity. However, malonate is sufficiently different from succinate that it cannot be dehydrogenated. [1] Malonate working as an inhibitor to succinate oxidation is a popular occurrence. Succinate is oxidized to fumarate during the Kreb cycle and the reagent’s (malonate) inhibitory effect slows or halts that important step from taking place.[2] A competitive inhibitor had a similar molecular …show more content…
Malonate has been shown to cause dose-dependent neurotoxicity both ‘in vivo' and ‘in vitro' by inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase and depletion of striatal ATP [5]resulting in neuronal depolarization and secondary excitotoxicity [5]. In a recent study by [5], it was suggested that malonate toxicity involves neurons dying not only by secondary excitotoxicity but also by delayed caspase activation and apoptosis[5]. Thus, the exact mechanism by which malonate induced toxicity remains …show more content…
"MALONATE INHIBITION OF OXIDATIONS IN THE KREBS TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE." Jurimetrics Journal 10.2 (1969): 73-77.The Journal Of Biological Chemistry. AFFINITY SITES, 1949. Web. 8 Oct. 2014.
“Biotechnology has been used for more than 6,000 years for lots of interesting and practical purposes: making food such as bread and cheese, preserving dairy products and fermenting beer” (Biotechnology - Promising a Brighter Future for the World). Although we do not always realize it, biotechnology is a huge part of our everyday lives, from the medicine we use to keep us healthy, the fuel we use to take us where we need to go, and even the food we eat and the sources it comes from, biotechnology already plays, and must continue to play, an invaluable role in meeting our needs. Biotechnology uses cellular and bio-molecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our
Introduction: Transformation is used to introduce a gene coding for a foreign protein into bacteria. Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC) is used to purify the foreign protein. Protein gel electrophoresis is used to check and analyze the pure protein. Research scientists use Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) as a master or tag to learn about the biology of individual cells and multicultural organisms. This lab introduces a rapid method to purify recombinant GFP using HIC. Once the protein is purified, it may be analyzed using polysaccharide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).
Gilbert, S., Barresi, M. 2016. Vade Mecum3. DevBio Laboratory. Accessed on 5 March 2017 from
In personalized medicine, advances in protein biology is not limited to preventive care. Advances can aid in curing diseases past development; the drug Kalydeco is proof of that. Through improvements in protein biology, scientist created the first drug addressing
After asking my biology teacher many questions and making some research on the Internet, I found
allows scientists to precisely replace, insert, regulate, or delete genes in plants, animal, and human.
In order to test FDH protein (O59078) expression, the recombinant vector was transformed into the BL-21-(DE3)-RIL strain. Ampicillin was used as a selection marker. Transformed single colony was inoculated in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium with Ampicillin and grown overnight at 37C. 1% of the
Avesthagen is successfully operating from past 15 years on the basis of convergence of food, pharma and population genetics in order to deliver healthcare by combining the expertise and competencies of the company in bioinformatics with molecular biology across genome analysis, metabolome analysis, transcriptome analysis, lead optimization, and recombinant protein expressions. The company also focuses on the development of therapeutics, diagnostics products and biosimilars for cancer, autoimmune diseases and olther particular therapeutics areas. The company also focuses on the development of biotic and abiotic stress resistance along with oil enhancement and functional foods from plants. The company is working towards the development of generation
Authors: Sandar Linn1, Hernan A. Lopez-Morra1, Sofia Nigar1, Juan Tejada1, Nami S Haeri1,Shah Giashuddin2,Jonathan Chow2, Mahesh K. Krishniah1, Sury Anand1.
et al. (2002); Shirato et al. (2000); Shimizu et al. (2001); Kitamura et al. (2002, 2003, 2002);
Next we turned regular E.coli cells, into chemically competent cells. This means that the cells were now able to act a host cel1 and accept the vector. Through transformation, we were then able to insert the pCS2 + GFP into the E.coli cells.. We then isolated the pCS2 + GFP from the chemically competent E.coli cells that we previously made, using a miniprep protocol. To observe whether or not we successfully isolated the pCS2 + GFP, we ran a gel. Figure 2 shows us that each sample contained the pCS2 +GFP after the miniprep was preformed. This supports that the pCS2 + GFP were all successfully
The previously reported IDUA and RTB fusion construct [11] was optimized by incorporating a plant signal peptide, tobacco codon-optimized IDUA, a truncated RTB (removal of 6 amino acids), and placing RTB at the C-terminus of IDUA. Then, the resulting proteins (further referenced as IDUAL) were produced using a tobacco-based expression system and characterized as previously described [11]. A single injection of IDUAL (at 3 different doses) was administered via tail vein into adult MPS I mice (n=3 for each dose, 6-10 weeks old). The 3 doses were selected to flank the FDA-approved human equivalent dose for laronidase (0.58 mg/kg
Polyribosome isolation and RNAseq analysis: Polyribosomes were prepared as described in Stefani et al., 2004. 20-50% w/w linear sucrose gradients were prepared in 10 mm HEPES-KOH, pH 7.4, 150 mm KCl 5 mm MgCl2, 1 mM DTT and 0.1 mg/ml cycloheximide using a Hoeffer SG 50 Gradient Maker (Amersham Biosciences) and MINIPULS® 3 peristaltic pump (Gilson Inc.). 5.6 ml of a 20% sucrose solution was pipetted into the outlet side of the gradient maker, tiled to fill the connecting passage between the chambers and tapped to remove any bubbles. The valve between two chambers was closed with the 20% solution filling the passage. 5 ml of a 50%
Ahmed A. Saleh1*, B. Gálik2, H. Arpášová3, M. Capcarová4, A. Kalafová4, M. Šimko2, M. Juráček2, M. Rolinec2, D. Bíro2 & A. M. Abudabos5
The biotechnology revolution offers extraordinary new possibilities for preventing and treating diseases, and for a deeper understanding of how organisms interact with each other and their environment. Many of the recent breakthroughs in molecular genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology also promise valuable commercial applications, such as new methods of manufacturing vaccines, enzymes, and new organic compounds.