Summary: Meta-Analysis

Depression is one of the most recurrently investigated psychological disorders within the area of medical R&D (Montorio & Izal, 1996). A number of exhaustive researches have been carried out to study its symptoms and impacts on different patients belonging to different personal and professional attributes and most of these researchers depicted that depression in the elderly people is very frequent and in spite of number of researches in this context, it is often undiagnosed or untreated. To add to this jeopardy, it has also been estimated that only 10% out of the total depressed elderly individuals receive proper diagnosis and treatment (Holroyd et al, 2000). And for that reason, an authentic

The researchers state the method used for analysis to answer the research questions. The researchers used meta-analysis to answer the research questions because they drew their data from different published research articles (Haan, & Duckworth, 2008). Meta-analysis allows the researcher to combine results from different studies in order to focus on their contrast. The analysis technique enables a scholar to understand the sources of disagreement among different results and the interesting relationships that emerge from a series of studies or multiple independent studies. In this case, the scholars used previous independent studies on coaching psychology and performed a meta-analysis on the findings in order to establish solutions for their research questions.

2. a. Meta-Analysis- A statistical tool that incorporates data and results from many different studies of the same topic previously conducted into a one large analysis to further derive or validate conclusions of said topic of research. In a clinical aspect, this tool is provides a more precise look into the effect of a treatment on an ailment than just a single study may

During meta-analysis, response rates varied by type of measure and study design, only 50% reported response rates (range = 21% - 95%, median=71%. 29% declined participating because they had no interest and 24% declined with no reason given. One major reason people declined to participate was because they had no access or could not use a computer. Multiple time measures were conducted in decision regret, it was noted that responses were reduced (Biedrzycki, 2010).

When conducting a research study, it is important to do so ethically and competently. This is also important because as future social workers we must abide by the ethical principles in the National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics (NASW). Conducting ethical research pertains to respecting the inherent dignity and worth of a person. In the past, individuals have had their rights violated during research study’s. As a result, in 1974 there was legislation passed protecting the rights of all vulnerable individuals participating in study’s.

A meta-analysis performed by Gu et al compared the safety and efficacy of propofol with midazolam for sedation of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Gu et al performed this meta-analysis because of the lack of systematic reviews or meta-analysis available, which focus on TBI patients in the comparison of the safety and efficacy of propofol and midazolam.

Mental disorders are becoming more prevalent in today's society as people add stress and pressure to their daily lives. The elderly population is not eliminated as a candidate for a disorder just because they may be retired. In fact, mental disorders affect 1 in 5 elderly people. One would think that with disorders being rather prevalent in this age group that there would be an abundance of treatment programs, but this is not the case. Because the diagnosis of an individual's mental state is subjective in nature, many troubled people go untreated regularly (summer 1998). Depression in the elderly population is a common occurrence, yet the diagnosis and treatment seem to slip

This evidence summary is based on organized search of the literature and evidence-based healthcare/nursing databases. The evidence included in this summary is from Sherrington, C., Tiedemann, A., Fairhall, N., Close, J., & Lord, S. (2011). Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: an updated meta-analysis and best practice recommendations. NSW Public Health Bulletin 22(4) 78-83. This systematic review update leverages off of an earlier study conducted in 2008, and the objective was to prove that exercise as a single intervention can prevent falls in elderly people. It included people living in residential care settings. The methodology used in this update was the same as the methodology used in the original study in 2008. This included a search of electronic databases like utilizing OVID to search MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. For this update, databases were searched up to May 2010. Meta-regression analysis was applied to this study to explain variability between the two studies. The reason for this is that the new study

On March 22, 2014, Annemarie K. Loth, Deborah A. G Drabrick, Ellen Leibenluft, and Leslie A. Hulvershorn released an article called Do Children Externalizing disorders predict adult depression? A Meta-Analysis. This article is located in the J Abnorm Child Psychol (2014) vol. 42, page 1103-1113. The given study was to analyze children with symptoms or the disorder of depression and the growth of adult depression. They preformed a statistical procedure for combining date from multiple to achieve their meta-analysis result. It was believed that children's psychopath disorders would be able predict depression for adulthood. The researchers hypothesis believed that there will be a connection between adult depression happen due to children showing

The purpose of this research is to review factors that trigger elderly depression states, their physical and mental health conditions,

Patten (2014) defines meta-analysis as “a set of statistical methods for combining the results of previous studies” and the conclusions are based on “mathematical synthesis” (p. 151). Cohn and Becker (2003) offer a reason why meta-analysis is done “conducting a meta-analysis is the increase in statistical power that it affords a reviewer” (p. 243). There are two goals for meta-analysis research. They include to estimate a population effect-size parameter and to increase the precision of the estimate of the effect size parameter (Cohn & Becker, 2003). There are two types of meta-analyses. They include fixed effect model and random effects model (Borenstein, Hedges, & Rothstein, 2007). Fixed effects models deals with only one true effect size in which all of the studies that are used whereas random effects refers to when the true effect varies between each individual study that is pulled (2007).

In this article, the authors used meta-analysis to address the efficacy of self-management education programs in managing symptoms and improving functions in people with arthritis. The American College of Rheumatology Sub-committee recommends that self-management education be an integral part of treatment programs for patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Results from the meta-analysis showed a moderate effect on pain and a small effect on disability, based on Cohen’s classification. The study discussed the importance of understanding the efficacy of self-management education programs in different settings before allocating resources to the programs.

The aim of this part is to investigate how anti-oppressive, Human rights, social systems and feminist theories can be used to guide different interventions in social work practice in reflecting on scenario. Social worker need to develop an understanding ideas of anti-oppressive practice, as this will help them by offering choice to service users and will prepare them in how they deal effectively with power differences by addressing the impact of oppression from all angles. It is well recognized that the social work relationship is a significant factor impacting client change and outcomes regardless of the intervention or theoretical approach used. Theory is an essential ingredient in practice that guides the way in which social workers view

Now this work will attempt to examine the different approaches that feminists apply to social work. According to Collins English Dictionary, “social work” means “social services that give help and advice to the poor, the elderly, and families with problems.” (www.collinslanguage.com). It is very hard to define social work as its work is so varied and sparse within society today. Feminist social workers tend to work more with women and help them to understand and alleviate their problems. Dominelli (1997: 246) postulates “ I define feminist social work as a form of social work practice which takes gendered inequality and it’s elimination as the starting point for working

Despite the shortcomings of this article which lack ethical, cultural, sensitive information gathered, it still provides insight for practitioners and policy makers because it increases awareness of an issue facing a vulnerable population and it coincides with the mission of social work, seeking to meet the needs of a vulnerable population. Through research evaluation, social work practitioners seek to enhance their competency as practitioners and assess whether or not conducting additional research on this topic is feasible and an appropriate use of resources. The article posits that formal ethical approval was not required because it was deemed to be a study evaluation, even so they failed to include ethical considerations and include feedback from families who received very brief advice from SHS from HPC trained from this module. The limitations of the training module, such as the low response rate, small sample size, and the training software which is no longer used did not allow for participants to report who received the same questions at all three points, or the difficulty of the individual MCQ’s, are now identified and can be avoided if future research is conducted on this