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Summary Of Beethoven's Symphony Fantastique

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Symphony Fantastique could be considered one of the most important pieces of music ever written, using a strong, vivid narrative throughout and redefining programmatic music. Berlioz made sure that when the piece was performed, the audience were supplied with a copy of the program describing the series of visions that a young artist (Berlioz) experiences under the influence of opium. The use of the infamous ideé fixe dominates the piece, connecting each movement whilst also helping to shape programmatic music in coming years. A 5 movement structure is also one of the unusual features of the symphony, with Berlioz actively disregarding the standard 4 movement works of the 19th century in order to suit the story.

The first movement, titled ‘Dreams and Passions’ follows the mad excitement of falling in love after Berlioz first lays his eyes on actress Harriet Smithson. Although he pushes boundaries in some areas, Berlioz stays true to the Symphonic structure (to begin with), opening with the first movement in sonata form. It is possible that Beethoven, another key figure in the development of Sonata form, may have influenced Berlioz on his structure for this movement. Beethoven’s Symphony No.4 begins with a slow introduction in the tonic minor in a similar way to Symphonie Fantastique, despite being shorter.

The introduction begins with an expressive, lilting melody in the violins, harmonised by the string section. The melody is permeated with rests and pauses, hinting at

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