Summary Of What I Learned In Chapter Seven Of Children

At the start of their lives, babies are programmed to seek out the things that they want by crying. As they mature, though, children's emotional capabilities expand, allowing them to develop a variety of skills that they will need in their adult lives.

Bronfenbrenner and Evans (2000) signify that environment is a dominate factor with child development and as emotions are central to all humans; a child’s environment produces significant influence on emotion development and emotion expression. The base emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, interest and surprise) are considered universal as they appear across all cultures, are present from

Secondly, temperaments are behavioral profiles that are measureable and testable in a child’s early childhood as children are born with their natural style of interacting and reacting to people and the environment. However, it is not something that a child chooses from birth, it is rather shaped by a child’s experiences and responses. Often parents need to accept their child’s traits and adjust themselves to educate them. There are three constellations of temperament characteristic which are “easy”, children that are typically adaptable, “difficult”, children that tend to be intense and “slow-to-warm-up”, and children that are easily upset by change (Thomas & Chess, 1950). Children with different temperament .By identifying the proper discipline techniques, traits that are present from birth can be molded to continue to influence growth in essential ways throughout life.

A child that has an easy temperament is usually positive, smiles frequently and very easy, can overcome new situations easily and adapt to the new changes, most of all will have a set schedule for eating, sleeping and other activities (Cook & Cook, 2014). A difficult temperament is the opposite of an easy temperament. The child is usually negative and will become frustrated very easily, any new situations will become a problem, and shows no pattern when it comes to basic things like eating and sleeping (Cook & Cook, 2014). In another hand, a child that has a slow-to-warm-up temperament can sometimes have a negative behavior to new things but if exposure is persistent a better or positive response can be developed (Cook & Cook, 2014). The better side of a child that has a slow-to-warm-up temperament is that they have “less emotional reactions” and would actually do better with scheduled times for eating and sleeping (Cook & Cook,

First, we must determine what emotions are. Are they different for every being, or felt in the same way? Merriam-Webster defines emotion as “a conscious mental reaction (as anger or fear) subjectively experienced as strong feeling usually directed toward a specific object and typically accompanied by physiological and behavioral changes in the body.” As award-winning scientist Mark Bekoff states in his book The Emotional Lives of Animals, emotions are psychological phenomena that help in behavioral management and control (6). Another word that I will use from this point on to describe the event of cognitive feelings and emotions in animals is sentience. Again Merriam-Webster states that sentience is “the capacity to feel, perceive, or experience subjectively.”

Emotion regulation involves intrinsic and extrinsic processing of monitoring and modifying emotional reactions in both positive or negative situations (Martins, 2012). In order for individuals to have the ability to regulate emotions, they must beware of their emotions. Although infants are unaware and lack the ability to regulate their emotions, it then becomes the role of a primary carer to nurture the infant, thus acting as a model for regulating emotions. Evidently, infants grow to reflect the ways in which their carers control and modify their emotions as well as social boundaries. Furthermore, emotion regulation is considered an important aspect of an individuals life as it 'can moderate emotions and keep them in a manageable range

begins in the womb. Dr. Verny has a theory that the embryo can in fact have emotional

According to the text book there are 3 classic types of temperament in the Thomas and Chess typology. First type of temperament is the easy child which about 40% of most groups of children. This group of children will show regular eating, sleeping, generally positive in mood and adapt easily to new experiences. Second type of temperament is the difficult child which about 10% of children. The difficult child is the opposite of the easy child. This group of children is irregular in daily routines and will show a negative attitude to new situations and tends to react negatively and intensely. Third type of temperament is the slow-warm-up child which about 15% of children. This group of children are inactive, shows mild, and show discomfort with change. Also they are low-key reactions to environmental stimuli and adjust slowly to new experiences. I think that everyone wants an easy child because it certainly does make life a lot easier for the caregivers. Unfortunately, not every child is easy child but having a difficult child doesn't mean that the child can not be changed.The reason why a child become difficult depend on the caregivers’attitude toward the child.

At 6 weeks infants develop a social smile, at 3 month laughter and curiosity develop, at 4 months full responsive smiles emerge, from 4-8 months they develop anger, from 9014 months they develop a fear of social events, at 12 months the are fearful of unexpected sights and sounds, and at 18 months they are self-aware, feel pride, shame, and embarrassment. In the first two years, infants develop from reactive pain and pleasure to complex patterns of social awareness. Emotions in infants are produced from their body as opposed to their thoughts. Therefore fast and uncensored reactions are common in infants. During their toddler years, the strength of their emotions will increase.

A person’s personality can have many changes based on the environment that they are in. It depends on how they are raised, sometimes where they come from. For example, if their parents get good grades throughout the years, their child is basically going to grow the same way they did. Having good manners, learning about Math, Science, Language Arts, and Social Studies in school. Because that’s the way he/she was taught. Its not going to change unless a bad person comes up to him/her and tells him/her that he/she does not have to do his/her school work if he/she does not want to. It can also have a negative affect for example a child lives in a neighborhood where there’s a lot of violence, cussing, and the use of drugs the child is most likely

The infant will “cry out loudly, like the young of other animals, partly as a call to their parents for aid and partly from any great exertion”(Darwin, 174). Darwin’s observations of emotion, particularly that of a child resembles very closely to Freud’s id. The id represents the most basic inherited instincts that are most obvious during childhood and expressed through emotion. “The infant, possessing no ability to delay release, demands immediate gratification”(Cordon, 223). The newborn would then be “a creature entirely governed by the id…demanding food, drink, eliminating bodily waste and affection”(Cordon, 223). Once the child’s needs are met, they are content. This theory contributes to the desire for pleasure and the distaste for anything uncomfortable or as Freud described it, the pleasure principle. Darwin is related this behaviour and expression for emotion as a survival tactic in order to have the infants needs met through communication.

At a certain age infants begin to resist the unfamiliar and are very vocal in expressing their feelings (Brazelton, 1992).

When children first learn emotions they typically divide them into two broad categories, which are feeling good or feeling bad. As they age they learn more about

The research art I chose did a long-term longitudinal measurement of infant habituation and temperament were examined. The study was recorded at both 5 months old and 16 months. Forty infants participated in the study of habituation at 5 months. The number of peaks associated with the habituation rate was associated with a 5 of 9 temperament dimensions. Within the looking time total, most were related to the same temperament dimensions. The 5 months old that habituation sooner recorded having fewer peak fixations than ones who did not. These babies were rated by their mothers that they were more intense, active, and had more negative moods than at 13 and 20 months. Results showed that temperate measurement had a positive correlation with the

Humans are unique creatures simply due to the fact that every person grows up in a different environment. I know for a fact that the way I grew up is different compared to the way my friends grew up, and it is different compared to how others grew up and will grow up in the past and future. This paper covers the subject of sociocultural context, what it is, how it can impact a child, and how it impacted my own development.