Surprisingly For An Oil-Producing Nation, Chad Is One Of

Environmental factors are a factor that affect living and nonliving organisms and have participated in Ethiopia’s problem in food deficiency and food insecurity. A large environmental factor that can affect food deficiency and food insecurity is natural hazards and disasters. These can include droughts and floods which can upset agricultural production. For example, grain production and stocks are very low and droughts have hit harvests in grain-producing areas around the world. A more specific example for Ethiopia is that because of Ethiopia’s seasonal rainfall from mid-June to mid-September, soil erosion and

Some of the most emerging and re-emerging agents of the waterborne diseases are; Cholera which is caused by the ingestion of water that is infected by Vibrio Cholerae. This is a painless form of diarrhea characterized by watery stool. Dysentery which is caused by Escherichia Coli. Typhoid that is caused by Salmonella typhi which is usually accompanied by fever is yet another disease. Gastroenteritis diseases caused by Giardia and Cryptosporodia and some species of hepatitis are also known to be caused by water (CDC, 2011). These disease causing agents find their way into the human body through infected water that people from the poorer communities in Uganda use and have no option of cleaner water.

The decline in hospital capacity was accompanied by a rise in staffing. Full-time equivalent personnel rose (Malagi & Kamath, 2016). Most of the additional personnel in hospitals are not focused on patient care but management or administration purposes. The American Hospital Association data shows that outpatient department visits have risen per 1,000 persons indicating that capacity for ambulatory services has risen overtime. Emergency departments have reduced with a larger percentage of closures being in rural areas. Compared to hospitals, physicians have continued to increase. Specialists have increased except for radiologists and general surgeons. There is, however, an uneven distribution of physicians between rural and urban areas. There is an estimated shortage of 3,000 physicians in nonmetropolitan areas. In addition to an increase in physicians, there are new forms of acute-care facilities. There are relatively new facilities that have been accredited. Ambulatory surgery centers have, for instance, risen (Best et al.,

Such as heart disease, diabetes, and AIDS are the top causes of death these diseases are still incurable they respond to medications, surgery, and other types of medical procedures. For preventing and managing these diseases are the patient and the patient’s family members. To maintain treatments and day to day activities are necessary.

The people of Haiti are also extremely poor. They are one on the poorest countries

2- Three leading causes of death in the United States that are given less attention than they deserve are cerebrovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory tract disease and Influenza and pneumonia.

Water-borne diseases are caused by the ingestion of water contaminated by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites. These pathogens are spread through the feces or urine of an infected individual (africaneeds). The most common diseases are cholera, guinea worm and typhoid. People can easily contract these diseases if there is no system of sewage collection and treatment. In fact, almost 2.5 billion people worldwide do not have access to adequate sanitation (UN water). Climate change can also impact the water crisis in Africa. Water is necessary for survival, and when areas get

Chad is an incredible country that has faced many struggles to rise up since achieving independence. Located in Central Africa, Chad is a geographically diverse country with a tropical south, barren deserts in the north, broad arid plains in the center and mountains like Emi Koussi in the northwest which makes up Chads 1.284 million sq km. Chad is full of different cultures and religions, most of Chadians are Muslim, Catholic, protestant or animast. As well as 129 languages including French, Arabic, and Sara. Chad uses its distinct geographical location to attain natural resources such as petroleum, uranium, kaolin, fish, gold, limestone, sand and gravel for its population of 11,412,107. Though Chad is rich in natural resources, the

In most developed countries, the top three killing diseases such as a Heart related issues, Cancer, and Stroke all are chronic diseases ( Brannon & Feist, 2010) These all caused due to a life style and a choice. Most people in these countries also suffer from anxiety and psychological disorder because of a high stress and busy life.

For most of the people, conditions are difficult and desperate. Chronic food shortages are widespread, and starvation levels among young children are high (Ruralpoverty.org). Chad fairs poorly with regard to the four generic factors of production. As much of Chad is positioned within the hot and dry Sahara Desert made up of barren land, most of the country is a limiting resource. Natural resources are limited and or under developed. As there is very little manufacturing, there is little improvement in improving production processes for turning natural resources into consumer goods. The labor pool is small, young and uneducated. 80% of the workforce is employed in labor intensive farming. Just 20% of the workforce is employed in the higher skilled areas of manufacturing and providing technical services (CIA.gov). Much of Chad’s workforce is one dimensional and not able to be flexible enough to move to other areas as training is limited and the education system is almost non-existent. Regarding capital, like other countries in poverty lacking in natural resources, Chad must import goods and is reliant on on foreign aid. Investors are frightened by the challenging business climate in Chad. In 2012, Chad was ranked last in the world in ease of doing business by the World Bank. Entrepreneurship is present in Chad, however, most are black market businesses that feed on governmental bureaucracy and corruption. Very few entrepreneurs

The World Health Organization established a parameter of 25 health personnel per 10,000 population as the minimum availability of human resources required to achieve high coverage of essential public health interventions. In 2015, the region of the Americas ensured the minimum recommended availability of health personnel with an average of 70 physicians and nurses per 10,000 population and a total of 35 countries reaching the target of 25 doctors and nurses per 10,000 population (Figure 3.1.1). Nevertheless, figures varied widely across countries. Cuba had by far the highest number of physicians and nurses (around 158 per 10,000 population); followed by the United States, Canada, Cayman Islands and

Chad's economy has long been troubled by its landlocked position, and high energy cost (Azevedo, Graham, and Nnadozie, 1997). They are also still feeling the effects of the years of civil war they were engaged in. Chad has poor transportation, inadequate natural resources, and continue to have political turmoil that has severely stunted their economic development. They are also highly dependent on foreign assistance to help their economy. Their economy is so bad that they are constantly in need of food aid to meet the hunger needs of their people.

The Chad Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project is one of the largest investments in the private sector in Africa that costs approximately US$3.7 billion. The project is being funded by the World Bank and the International Financial Corporation. The involvement of these two major financial institutions is a demonstration of the rationale that the project will generate revenue that will enable the Chad and Cameroonian governments to invest more in programs that focus on reducing poverty like rural employment, education, and health. The involvement of the International Financial Corporation will be geared towards accomplishing three major roles. These are long-term financing, stabilizing role, and uplifting the quality and standard of mitigation plans and environmental assessments.

Poverty in Developing and Less Developed Countries The world includes less developed countries and developing countries. Less developed countries are countries considered to be poor and often contain many people who are in absolute poverty. Developing countries are countries like India, which are gaining in wealth. There are two types of poverty within the world.

Historically, living in rural areas was considered a health advantage. People, such as tuberculosis patients, were frequently sent into the country for fresh air and a change of scenery (Lourenço 2012). However, as the scientific understanding of disease expanded and urban population and political power grew, these advantages diminished. Today, staggering disparities exist across the globe in the health status of rural populations compared to their urban counterparts, both within and between countries, especially in regard to maternal and infant health. Developing countries experience these inequalities with greater severity due to lack of infrastructure and resources, as is the case with many other global health issues For example, in Burundi, as of 2014, the urban infant mortality rate was 49 deaths per 1000 live births, while the rural infant mortality rate was 81. In 2014 in Laos had an urban infant mortality rate of 39 but a rural infant mortality rate of 85. Finally, in Bolivia in 2014, the urban infant mortality rate was 43 while the rural mortality rate was 75 (Population Reference Bureau 2014). These data demonstrate the dramatic inequity between urban and rural areas, which indicates disparate access to health care infrastructure, providers, and education. The global health community must work to alleviate these disparities through providing a universal definition of what constitutes a rural area, utilizing new technologies and other innovations to reach isolated