Unit 8-D-2
Soraya Sawicki, LCSW
Dependability and Credibility in Qualitative Research
Dependability and credibility
Qualitative approaches to research are approaches that depend on words as the primary source of data, as opposed to numbers. Qualitative research may also be called non-experimental research, since the investigations are more exploratory and do not require control or the manipulation of variables. There are several types of qualitative research approaches, for example grounded theory, phenomenological, generic inquiry, ethnography, and case studies. Non-experimental methods may include qualitative methods such as surveys, focus groups and interviews (Hacker, 2013). The purpose of this discussion is to carefully analyze
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This study uses the phenomenology approach as it states it in the abstract, and distinguishes the study by describing that it looks at the lived experiences of the women. According to Giorgi (1997) within phenomenology, a more precise meaning is given to the word “experience”.
The Study
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), occurs in all cultures, age groups and relationships. It has been a topic of much study and research. As in different cultures violence is conceptualized different, it may be a benefit to looking at experiences of the individuals undergoing IPV. This study examines the experiences of women who participated in a program for partner violence. The research looked at understanding the women’s views of the treatment process, the meanings, and the outcomes they attached to it, using a Husserlian descriptive phenomenological approach (Walker, 2013). IPV may be direct or indirect and may include physical and sexual violence, verbal attacks, threats of violence and psychological and emotional abuse (Walker, 2013). Interviews were conducted with seven English women who used physical intimate partner violence in heterosexual relationships (Walker, 2013).
Husserlian Descriptive Phenomenology
Phenomenology has been around for many years. Since the inception (over 30 years ago), phenomenology has existed as a viable approach to conducting research, while
This study was a qualitative descriptive exploratory study, which Grove, Burns and Gray (2013, p. 27) define as being of use when researchers seek to understand a problem by describing it and promoting further understanding. Qualitative research aims to investigate a phenomenon or analyse perspectives, this method often utilises a smaller study population but yields data rich in human experience (Schira, 2009, p.77-78). An example of this qualitative paradigm is the researcher’s use of interviews as a data collection method, and smaller sample size.
The history of Intimate Partner Violence is a long one much longer than many are aware of. It used to be an accepted part of many cultures that as the head of the household the many could use whatever means necessary to keep his family in line. Still in some cultures intimate partner violence is accepted behavior. In a majority of the industrialized world engaging in intimate partner violence is not acceptable yet it is still widely occurring. The occurrence of this form of violence has evolved over the years and now both men and women may be victimized. It is important that individuals take the time to educate themselves about the topic and the resources available if they or someone they know ever be in a situation that may require such
Power point slide Qualitative research is a difficult term to define…. Nevertheless, it is important to be familiar with some definitions in the field. The definition provided by Creswell 2009 is enlightening because it incorporates ……….. most important part of definition for me were reports detailed views of informants and natural setting.
Throughout the years, there have been immense efforts to expand knowledge about the experiences women have endured in violent relationships. The emergence of internal, external risk factors, correlates, and causes of intimate partner violence has increased rapidly in recent decades. Although there has been a rise in many supportive groups, there are still various barriers that exist and prohibit women from seeking help to detach themselves from a violent relationship. In reading Roz story, I have learned of the many barriers to understand, “why couldn’t she just leave?” Although this question may have no straight answer and may even have hindered implications, I feel that patriarchy plays a role in this intimate partner violence. The
Qualitative method is using open-ended questioning, non-statistical research techniques, or value-based observations. In this research, three main methodologies are adopted as focus group, distributing questionnaires and conducting personal interviews simultaneously. Methods are all appropriate and contributed to a comprehensive research. The reason is that aim of this research is to acquire an in-depth understanding of
Abuse can come in many forms, including those that we cannot physically see. Intimate partner violence can occur physically, sexually, and psychologically and emotionally. Physical violence includes the use of physical force, such as slapping, hitting, kicking, grabbing, throwing, use of a weapon, and the like, with the intention to cause harm, injure, or kill (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Sexual violence describes violence that uses force to compel a person to engage in sexual activity against their will or ability to decline. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). And lastly, psychological and emotional violence involves harming the victim through the use of threats or coercive tactics such as, but not limited to, humiliating, controlling, isolating, or stalking (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Similarly, there are two major forms of intimate partner abuse: intimate terrorism and situational couple violence (Leone, Lape, and Xu). Intimate terrorism describes a pattern of abuse in which one partner exercises a cycle of continuous power and control over their significant other by means of physical or coercive actions that trap their victim in the relationship while, in contrast, situational couple violence refers to violence that it provoked by a specific conflict (Leone, Lape, and Xu). Overall, it is clear that intimate partner abuse occurs in a variety of ways and to varying degrees of
What is Intimate Partner Violence? If one has not lived through it, the meaning is unknown. When we hear the term, we tend to picture a woman covered in bruises. In reality, the damage is much worse. There is many long term effects that run deeper than the physical injuries (Giardino, 2010). Victims experience shame, isolation, detrimental physical and mental health consequences and financial stressor. This also causes dramatic effects on the families of the victims. This violence also affects the children who may be at an increased risk of physical abuse. Children who live through IPV suffer through the trauma of witnessing the violence and having feelings of fear, guilt, and shame.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a topic that is frequently unspoken of however; it affects thousands of individuals on a daily basis and is especially important in the field of Social Work. In order to best discuss IPV, a mutual definition is needed. According to the CDC, “The term “intimate partner violence” describes physical violence, sexual violence, stalking and psychological aggression (including coercive acts) by a current or former intimate partner (Intimate Partner Violence: Definitions, 2017). Even though this definition broadly identifies the behaviors that can be categorized under this form of violence, the etiology of IPV is much more complicated. Some of the complexities of IPV are displayed through out the movie Tyler Perry's Madea's
There is a certain mystery which surrounds domestic violence, with various stereotypes and myths clouding the truth of the matter. They hinder a true understanding of the problem and serve as obstacles to those suffering in situations of intimate partner violence. While each individual domestic violence situation is unique, many qualities are often shared, and many victims often endure similar experiences at the hands of their abuser. Importantly, despite the fact that intimate partner abuse is a form of crime which is predominantly private and family-oriented, it is a universal issue. Hopefully, by breaking down some of the stereotypes and myths about domestic violence, more solutions will come with better
In the first place, in order to gain a complete understanding of intimate partner abuse, it is of great importance to examine what constitutes and shapes this type of maltreatment against woman. Even though legal definitions vary from one jurisdiction to another, the term intimate partner abuse is described as “a pattern of extremely aggressive and assertive conduct including physical, sexual and psychological attacks, as well as monetary intimidation utilized by adults or adolescents against current or former intimate partners (Child Rights International Network, 2006). Physical violence consists of hitting, smacking, shoving, spitting, kicking, threatening or use of a deadly weapon. Sexual violence is consisting of any sexual act committed against an individual without their willingly consent. The perpetrator may use excessive force, intimidation, and verbal threats in order to achieve maximum pleasure. Psychological abuse is a form of abuse that can have severe and unnoticeable physical
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been recognised as an issue which needs to be addressed due to its negative consequences on health of individuals. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) as any act between intimate relations which results into physical, emotional, sexual trauma or any other form of restriction or isolation from family and friends which can lead to undesirable health outcomes (Organization, 2012). Violence do exists between intimate partners with women becoming more victims than men (Hall, Chappell, Parnell, Seed, & Bewley, 2014). In Victoria, it had accounted for 7.9% of overall disease burden among women of reproductive age (Vos et al., 2006). According to WHO global report on violence, more than 35% of women experience both physical and sexual abuse by intimate partners which represents a large proportion of all types of abuse (Organization, 2012). Current studies have acknowledged that controlling woman’s
Following a critical overview of the literature, this chapter outlines the research methodology. It will provide a justification for a qualitative methodological approach and specification of methods employed. Highlighting the appropriateness of interviews and focus groups in relation to the methodology and overall research. It will also provide recognition of their relative strengths and limitations.
This article represents a focus group type of qualitative research. According to Qualitative Research Consultants Association (2015), in focus group qualitative research, a group of individuals who share a need, life circumstance, or habit relevant to the research issue(s) at hand are led in a discussion by a modulator. The focus group discussions often include between two to ten respondents, and are often held face to face. They can also be conducted remotely through videoconferencing, teleconferencing, or
Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem by developing a holistic narrative and reporting detailed views of informants about the culture of a problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their entirety rather than narrowing the focus to specific defined variables” (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research “is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting” (p. 2). Cresswell’s definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative research. Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010).
When utilizing a qualitative approach, the task becomes one of determining the qualitative method to be used. Additionally, Stake (2010) used purpose, research design, and methodical data techniques as a way of classifying types of qualitative research. Similarly, Cresswell & Cresswell (2007) spoke of five practices of qualitative research. These five practices consist of biography, phenomenological study, grounded theory study, ethnography, and case study. This researcher chose a phenomenological study for this research project.