RUNNING HEADER: KAWASAKI DISEASE Dinesh 1
Kawasaki Disease
Rekan Dinesh
Mrs. Cheryl Taylor
Southeastern College
Abstract
Kawasaki disease is a disease that predominately affects children. It is a condition that causes an inflammation of walls of arteries. The disease is very rare, so rare that there are fewer than 20,000 cases per year in the United States. Due to its rarity, the etiology of the disease is unknown, causing the medical diagnosis of the disease very difficult. In order to diagnose a child with Kawasaki disease, all other diseases and conditions must be ruled out. This is hard to do because some of the symptoms that a diagnosed child may present are common amongst other conditions. Although rare, the disease is usually not life threatening and is easily treatable. When diagnosed, the child undergoes an initial treatment that includes an intravenous immunoglobulin along with high doses of aspirin. This usually cures the child of the disease but in the cases where the disease is not cured, further medical interventions are necessary.
Kawasaki disease, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is a very frightening disease amongst children. It affects people by causing inflammation in the arteries throughout the body, including the coronary arteries, which supplies the muscles with blood. This disease is the leading cause of acquired heart disease among first world countries (Gordon, Kahn,
This article can be classified as an unfiltered source. The article was sourced from the medical database, PubMed and published in Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, a professional peer reviewed journal. The researcher conducts a search of the data base and screens and evaluates primary research related to the topic. The article discussed the common pathogens that cause AOM and distinguished between simple and complicated presentations and made recommendations for differential diagnosis and antibiotic treatment options.
We can diagnose through therapy showing evidence of limitation or with lab tests that use direct sequencing on the CHN1 gene to look for mutations. The syndrome can be aided with therapy and surgery although no surgery has been proven to completely eliminate the symptoms of the syndrome but they do help. Boston’s Children Hospital is researching to more understand the genetics behind Duane’s Syndrome that includes radial ray anomalies. They have traced it back to Chromosome 20 and even identified it, they identified it as SALL4(Duane Syndrome Pediatric Research and Clinical Trials). This can help the way we diagnose, treat and maybe even prevent it in the
Autosomal dominant LGMD occur less often than recessive dominant LGMD. In the metabolism myotilin gene mutations occur, it may be due to a deficiency of vitamin B12, vitamin E, folate or exposures to nitrous oxide. LGMD 1A disease normally occurs from the age 42 to 77, and develops in the same areas (hip, shoulder and back) however, it could spread to the leg muscles. Due to the fact that myotilin gene is mutated, it causes focal myofibrillar destruction to occur, and this results in intracytoplasmic deposits to float around in the blood stream. In one case study done in Barcelona in 2011, there were 13 patients who were all diagnosed with myotilin gene mutation disease. The results showed that the deposits of myofibrillar became immune to myotilin and cluster up the vacuoles and interfere with the Z-lines. Overall the study revealed that each patient shared the same phenotypic characteristics, LGMD 1A and myofibrillar myopathy variations which emphasizes that LGMD is a developing neuromuscular disorder (Montse,
Rheumatic heart disease is a complication of rheumatic fever in which the heart valves are damaged. Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that begins with strep throat. It can affect connective tissue throughout the body, especially in the heart, joints, brain and skin. Although rheumatic fever can strike people of all ages, it is most common in children between 5 and 15 years old. The best way to prevent rheumatic fever is to treat strep
Myocarditis is inflammation of the middle wall of the heart that is caused by infection. The causes of this infection is other infections such as upper respiratory infections, lime disease, cocaine use or other toxic chemical exposure such as spider bites, metal poison, or snake bites but all of which are uncommon except for upper respiratory infections. There may be no signs or symptoms or they may cause heart murmurs or abnormal heart rhythms or shortness of breath or swelling. Myocarditis can affect the muscles as well as the hearts electrical system or a clot could form causing heart attacks or strokes. This is a very dangerous infection. There are treatments for this infection such as beta blockers and diuretics for less severe cases or IV antibiotics or intra-aortic balloon pumps for the more severe cases. However if left untreated it can cause CHF and or
If untreated, causes weaker muscles, loss of sensation, difficulty in walking and breathing, and more
This is an up dated review of the disease, manifestations, and potential treatment options available.
have been trying to find the exact cause of this disease and how it can be treated so
This is an national issue in the United States.This disease can affect children because “the increasing number of people 65 and older in the U.S, particularly
The most concerning diagnosis would be Kawasaki disease because of coronary artery aneurysm. Approximately 15%-25% of children with untreated Kawasaki disease will develop coronary aneurysm. Aneurysm may occur up to 6 months after the illness. Other complication may include, massive myocardial infarction, CHF, myocarditis, pericarditis or pericardial effusion (Burns, Dunn, Brady, Starr & Blosser, 2013).
SVCS can cause airway compromise and potentially respiratory failure. The child presents with anxiety, dyspnea, wheezing and coughing frequently from airway obstruction. They also will have cyanosis of the face, neck, and upper chest area. Swelling can be noted in the face and upper extremities, along with distended neck and chest veins. Treatment should be started rapidly to protect the airway and relieve respiratory distress. Once treatment has begun the symptoms will also start to improve as the disease is being
Just from the name, you can guess that this disease concerns ulcers. But does this entail anything else? Let us find out in this article about the disease that still has its causes unverified by the world.
A sufficient coronary artery blood flow is essential to supply oxygen for normal cardiac activities (Craft, 2014, p. 599). Atherosclerosis is a common form of CHD. It is an inflammation disease when plasma cholesterol is high. Risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking and diabetes increase the risk of endothelium injuries, contributing to the increase in oxidated lipid-lipoprotein (LDL). Foam cell is produced by the increase in the number of macrophages signalled by oxidated LDL. Next, the accumulation of foam cells will cause the formation of fatty streak lesions on arteries walls. Over time, fatty streak lesions migrate to the site and form fibrous plaque due to the increase in smooth muscles and collagen. The thickening and hardening initiated by an accumulation in calcified fibrous plaque caused the blood vessels to narrow. As a result, a decrease in tissue perfusion contributing to the development of myocardial ischemia (Craft, 2014, p. 599; McCance & Huether, 2014, pp. 1145-1147).
The rare disease caused lesions to form, attacking Larance's brain stem and spinal cord. Kimbro said:
The diagnosis of the disease, its cause or causes, stage, treatment and prognosis will be sought from the pediatrician. He establishes and explains the connection between the disease and the patient's family history. He prescribes appropriate medicines and medications to alleviate the patient's symptoms. The moral principles surrounding the couple's decision concerning the disease are contributed by the ethicist. He warns against the double-effect situation in this disease condition. He emphasizes that birth defects