Synaethesia

This experiment was conducted by surveying ninety-six people, 48 males and 48 females, to complete a short survey. The survey asked them if they were color blind and whether they were male or female. They were then given five color cards (blue, green, pink, purple and yellow) and ordered the sample colors from their favorite to least favorite on a scale of 1-5.

In another study, five experiments were conducted to determine if coloring a single Stroop element reduced automaticity or slowed the processing of a color. The results demonstrated that indeed it slowed processing of congruent and neutral stimuli more than it slows processing of incongruent stimuli (Monahan, 2001).

The independent variable was represented by three conditions; three word lists printed in a variety of color inks. Two of the lists consisted of word colors; one in black ink and the other in incongruent colors. The third list consisted of square blocks in contrasting colors. The dependent variable was the time taken to name the black ink words, the square block colors, and the color names in

For SP patients, strong selective attentional bias was displayed. SP patients took longer to name the ink color of speech related words compared to the control group. However, there was no difference in time for GAD related, neutral, and positive words between SP and control patients. SP patients showed the same pattern as GAD patients: they were slower in naming ink color for speech related words than GAD related, neutral, and positive words. Therefore, the schema congruency hypothesis or specificity was

The experiment was to study color and orientation of encoding from different parts of objects. Color feature was altered in 50% of the trials and participants were asked to detect this change. The stimuli presented to each participant in on feature consisted visually a small circle with an oriented bar crossing in the middle of circle, forming a Saturn-like object. Each stimulus was displayed on a gray background and used black oriented bars with the small colored circles using 4 colors. Six display types were utilized: single-feature with 5 color, single-feature with 10 color displays, all contained the 5 and 10 circles with the colors being the main focus of this condition. The next two conditions were; single-feature with 5 orientation and single-feature with 10 orientation displays, however these features are focusing on the orientation of each of the bars that are being displayed. The final two displays are that of the

Differences have been found in terms of internal consistency of colour associations, specificity of the colour selection, and in terms of the automaticity of colour association. However, the two groups were remarkably similar in the way of mapping pitch-lightness. It is suggested that both groups may use the same cognitive mechanism to map between the auditory and visual domain. In addition, synaesthesia might be useful for learning (experiment 3). The results have two main implications for me study. First, it suggests that synaesthetes and non-synaesthetes share same cognitive mechanism; therefore, several associations that exist in synaesthetes might be found in non-synaesthetes, or at least, could be easily taught to non-synaesthetes. Second, most studies on the grapheme-to-color synaesthesia rather than the sound-to-color one. This study demonstrates the possibility of associating the colored letter with its sounds. This particular approach of associations might be more appropriate to help dyslexic children to remember the relationship between letters and

Many who have synesthesia have a positive outlook on life and their ability. They find it a grace that they can experience things others can’t, and feel it adds depth to their world. Perception is reality, and they feel that what they perceive is a

Under these conditions, participants reported seeing illusory conjunctions in 18% of trials. That is, participants reported seeing objects that consisted of a combination of features from two different stimuli. For example, after seeing a big yellow circle, a big blue triangle, a small red triangle, and a small green circle, a person might report seeing a small red circle and a small green triangle. The reason illusory conjunctions occurred is that stimuli were presented rapidly and the observers' attention was distracted from the target object by having them focus on the black numbers; thus, elementary features had not yet been grouped or bound to an object. Having participants attend to the target objects eliminated the illusory conjunction. The second stage of processing depends on attention. In this stage, the features are recombined, so we perceive the whole object rather than individual features. Treisman linked the process of binding that occurs in the focused attention stage to physiology by noting that an object causes activity in both the '’what'’ and '’where'’ streams of the cortex (see Two-streams

Synesthetes report having good memories of digits and words due to the fact that the digits, letters and words are visualized in various colors(Palmieri, et al., 2006) . On some occasions synesthetes make computational errors due to the fact that they different numbers with the same color(Palmieri, et al., 2006). Synesthetes initially were dismissed as being over imaginative, having distorted perceptions of memories or exaggerating metaphorical speech in a literal sense (Palmieri, et al., 2006). Recent research has documented the fact that synesthesia is a real condition and researchers are beginning to have a better understanding of the causes of the unusual perceptions experienced by synesthetes (Palmieri, et al., 2006). Research in the United Kingdom has documented that synesthetes perceive colors in the same manner as non-synesthetes, through the use of brain imaging studies (Palmieri, et al., 2006). The causes of synesthesia remain unknown, however, some scientist believe that everyone is born synesthetic but normal brain development segregates the neural connections involving the sensory overlap in most individuals, making them non-synesthetic (Palmieri, et al., 2006). There are also genetic factors that play a role in condition of synesthesia, which have been discussed by Dr.

Though often stereotyped in the popular media as a medical condition or neurological aberration, many synesthetes themselves do not perceive their synesthetic

So, you might smell colors or see sounds. Women and left handed people are more likely to have Synesthesia. It seems that Synesthesia does run in families, but scientists don’t really know how, but it could be a dominant trait and it might be with the X-chromosome (Melissa Lee Phillips). Some famous people that has Synesthesia include; Mary J. Blige, Marilyn Monroe, John Mayer, Stevie Wonder, and Jimi Hendrix. (Noctem, 2010).

Synesthesia is uncontrollable, involuntary, and stable. All this means that a Synesthete can’t decide when or how it happens. However, a Synesthete will see the same things each time.

When given an image that contains about 50 randomly dispersed number 5s and a smaller pattern of 2s within it, it was predicted that number→color synesthetes would be able to detect the pattern more quickly. This was revealed to not be the case. A synesthete must consciously address the number before a color is seen; the number must be cognitively “attended to” and the concept must be recognized (Cytowic, 2009, p. 49). Another way that cognition contributes to the characteristic of synesthesia is through conceptual knowledge. This can be explained by people who experience taste when they hear words. The connections that the meaning of the words have and the resultant taste are very direct; the word “dogma” tastes to one individual like hot dogs and the word “super” tastes like soup (Cytowic, 2009, p. 37). The way the word fits into a concept of the word for the food is very clearly demonstrated. Cognitive associations play a role in shaping the specific perceptual connections that are

Previously in the experiment, there were three possible alternative categories that were used for performance on a visual search task for the participants. The three categories show a similar pattern of enhanced detection of control, congruent, incongruent trials. Making a comparison of paired samples t-test between control vs. congruent, control vs. incongruent, control vs congruent and congruent vs incongruent. By showing great benefits and advantages for selective attention in control vs. congruent, the participants demonste a greater facilitation to detect the correct block color than control vs. incongruent and congruent vs. incongruent in a positive way. However, in the color-word Stroop test, participants then obtained better results in control vs congruent than the other categories. The result was supported for each alternative category creating evidence for the experiment Stroop test color effect.

We are replicating J.R. Stroop’s original experiment The Stroop Effect (Stroop, 1935). The aim of the study was to understand how automatic processing interferes with attempts to attend to sensory information. The independent variable of our experiment was the three conditions, the congruent words, the incongruent words, and the colored squares, and the dependent variable was the time that it took participants to state the ink color of the list of words in each condition. We used repeated measures for the experiment in order to avoid influence of extraneous variables. The participants were 16-17 years of age from Garland High School. The participants will be timed on how long it takes them to say the color of the squares and the color of the words. The research was conducted in the Math Studies class. The participants were aged 16-17 and were students at Garland High School. The results showed that participants took the most time with the incongruent words.