INTRODUCTION
In nature Titanium Oxide exists in three primary phases, namely, Anatase, Rutile and Brookite. In each case the sizes of different cells vary.[1]
In recent years TiO2 has been widely used for preparation of various and varying types of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires as well as nanoporous TiO2 containing materials.[3] Regardless of its scale Titanium Oxide maintains its photocatalytic activity. Nanoscale TiO2 has an advantage of being surface reactive that fosters its interactions with biological molecules, such as phosphorylated proteins and peptides [4] as well as nonspecific binding with DNA [5].
The surface molecules of nanoscale TiO2 particles are “on the corner” of the particle and are forced by confinement stress into a pentacoordinated, square-pyramidal orientation. Such molecules have an affinity for stable nanoparticle conjugation to ortho substituted bidentate ligands such as dopamine.[7,8]
The various methods used for the synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles include sol gel, solvothermal and hydrothermal methods[3], although new methods are now being used. One of the new methods is the use of different dopants in the synthesis of Titanium oxide nanocomposites, such as the different noble metals[11]. Also different nanoparticle coating materials and photosensitizing dyes.[13-17]
In this paper the various applications of TiO 2 nanocomposites are briefly summarized. Some of the major applications of TiO2 nanocomposites are in
Nano-composite plastics and carbon nanotubes have been utilized for industrial and consumer packaging, the later offering an improved packaging solution for electronics components by making the materials used lighter and stronger. Nano-porous silica is a high porous, low-density solid material that supports various temperatures making it a great insulation product that can be applied in a wide range of fields from pipe insulation to refrigerators and even microelectronics. Nanoparticle based colloids are employed in the manufacturing of sunscreens, paints, and printer inks and nano-coatings can be applied in order to obtain scratch resistant surfaces. Composite nano-materials can be considered the basis for all the other current and future commercial applications of nanotechnology.
The research is funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and their research is published in the journal Advanced Materials. Neil Thomas and Dr. Sara Goodacre are leading a team of BBSRC DTP-funded PhD students including David Harvey, Victor Tudorica, Leah Ashley, and Tom
Photocatalysis is one of the clean and renewable technologies, utilizes naturally enormous abundant, clean and safe solar power. The cheap solar energy harnessing is one of the most exciting features to gain significant attention toward photocatalysis direction. Titanium oxide-based photocatalyst has shown considerable interest since the discovery because of the excellent properties such as chemical and photostability, eco-friendly nature and high catalytic reactivity.2,3 TiO2 photocatalysts have been widely engaged in various photocatalytic applications such as water and air cleaning, self-cleaning and anti-fogging TiO2 coated glasses, tiles, and shelters. TiO2 only generates electron-hole pairs under UV light, which are responsible for the photocatalytic reaction. There are numerous investigations have been done to alter the TiO2 structures to absorb visible lights. The strategy includes adding noble metals4, cations5, non-metals6, and metal oxides7 through various methods such as sol-gel8, physical ion-implantation methods,
In this study, by using sodium hydroxide and heat treatment to treat and modify titanium surface can generate a crystalline titanium dioxide surface layer. Thus, it would help improve hydroxyapatite (an inorganic component that formed bones) nucleation in simulated body fluid
It demonstrated that Na doping had a widen effect for the band gap of CuO, which was the first report here. Interestingly, the band gap shifts from 1.49eV to 1.46eV with the increase in Na doping from 0.0 to 3.0%, with was due to the band gap tailoring effect. The Na content was further increased when the secondary phase formed and the band gap shift to the higher energy 1.51eV, 1.53eV for 5.0% and 7.0% Na-doped CuO nanostructures. In contrast, the formation of the Na2O secondary phase caused an enhancement of the Eg value. Hence, to summarize the Eg value of the Na doped CuO nanoparticles depends upon a variety of parameters such as the size and presence of the Na dopant in different forms. These unique characteristics were influenced by the quality and physical properties of the Na-doped CuO nanoparticles and these were strongly related to the preparation method.
We present experimental and theoretical results from a study of adhesion and the entry of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) into MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The adhesion between Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) and breast cancer cells is studied using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. The adhesion force between LHRH coated AFM tips and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells is shown to be about twice that between bare/uncoated AFM tips and breast cancer cells, while the adhesion force between LHRH-MNP coated AFM tips is also approximately twice as much as that between MNP coated AFM tips and breast cancer cells. The increased adhesion of the LHRH-coated tips suggests that LHRH can be used as a molecular recognition unit for
The understanding that by adding designed shape or interaction anisotropy to nanoparticles will further increase possible packing schemes to the motifs in their self-assembly process. Therefore, the understanding of how individual anisotropy scale up to build complex structures are of desperate desire for designing creative particles to be transformed into materials with desired properties.
There have been many similar studies done on the photocatalytic effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) that encourage the further research in this study. To provide a solid background to the current study, it is first important to review the literature available in the field of implantology. Over many years, some studies have been done to evaluate the surface characteristics and photocatalytic activity of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) dental implants using sterilizing and cleaning methods, including ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) and Radio Frequency Glow-Discharge (RFGD) treatment. Different modifications and aspects were proposed from those studies, regarding surface cleanliness, coatings, surface energy and Critical Surface Tension (CST), TiO2 thickness layers, cells’ activities and much more. These studies were done to effectively eliminate clinical failures of dental implants that occur from an unknown origin (e.g. misleading expiry date) that can happen without obvious explanation from time to time. The original clinical procedures were very favorable with very high success rates >95% (Albrektsson et al. 1986), and recent lesser successes seems to be associated with more widespread use.
The effects of pure and N-doped-TiO2 NPs on the growth and viability of MCF-7 cell line:
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world (Ferlay et al., 2015) and in recent years there have been many studies to carry out new methods for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tumor cells and to decrease the side effects of treatment (Tao et al., 2015). In many of these methods a trace of nanotechnology can be found using different type of nanoparticles. In general, nanoparticles have dimensions between 1-100 nm2. Metal nanoparticles are at the center of attention because of their unique physical and chemical properties (Tao et al., 2015). Due to the remarkable optical, electrical and conductive properties of gold nanostructures, they have been extensively studied in a variety of applications (Fryer et
“Capturing the fundamental growth and evolution of these particles in motion will help us immensely in our work with synthetic materials and their interactions with biological systems,” says Gianneschi, who serves as the Jacob and Rosaline Cohn Professor of Chemistry in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences. Neither he nor Parent has likely underestimated the significance of this study in light of the prospective influence it may very well have on future research. In fact, new insightful studies can now be published simply based on recordings of feats already accomplished with nanoparticles because the value will be not in the feat itself but, rather, in the well-defined recording thereof. Much like the value in Gianneschi’s study, it would be in learning more about the dynamics and behavioral parameters of nanoparticles.
(iii) The novel method for GO nanosheets immobilization onto the surface of FO TFC membranes through self-assembly and oxidative cross-linking of TA and pEI using a rapid, single-step protocol from mild aqueous solution was achieved.
Another promising method for exfoliation of TMD nanosheets is the liquid-phase preparations. This allows the creation of hybrid and composites by combining different materials and coatings by spray coating or doctor blading. In the past, liquid based graphene has been used to make high frequency electronics and hence solution-based TMDs are expected to have similarly good applications in flexible electronics and composite materials. TMDs can also be exfoliated using ultra-sonication in liquids such as organic solvents or solutions of polymer to mention a few. Ultra-sonication results in exfoliation that
I for the first time created a strong covalent amide bond between TiO2 mesoporous films and N719 by chemically modifying TiO2 with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The dye-sensitized solar cells thus prepared were stable and more resistant to UV light, thermal stress, acid, and water when compared to traditional photoanodes. There was a dramatic preservation of the SCN ligand of N719 on the TiO2 surface for up to 6 months, which is not possible in the case of other modified photoanodes with dye attached non-covalently through electrostatic or hydrogen bonding interactions. (Langmuir, 2013, 29, 13582-13594). I extensively studied the synthesis of nanomaterials, quantum dots such as ZnS, CdS, electrodeposition of semiconductor oxide materials, preparation methods for different shapes (nanowires, nanotubes, and tree-like structures) and sizes (3-300 nm) of nanomaterials to accomplish this research work. I did research on molecular linkers to link quantum dots. In addition, I explored the charge injection dynamics from the excited dye (N719) to TiO2 semiconductor nanoparticles after chemical modification of the TiO2 nanoparticles with silane linkers using the ultrafast transient absorption
A nanocomposite is multiphase material consist one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nm. Polymer nanocomposities have existed for decades. Term “nanocomposites” first appeared in 1994[Lan & Pinnavaia (1994), Lan et al. (1995), Giannelis(1996)]. After this a lot of researches started on the field of various fillers. Due to increased demands for the improvement in the performance of polymer materials led to emergence of new technologies.