Experiment 2 was conducted to further examine the same predictions from Experiment 1 employing the more appropriate design suited with the nature of food sharing; target-specific willingness was consistently signaled via constant acts of sharing over time. The newly adopted willingness manipulation seemed to successfully convey a high level of target-specific willingness to surpass the threshold in the partner choice mechanisms. The results supported most of the five key predictions and the percentages of variance in attractiveness explained by willingness and ability increased from Experiment 1. Plus, in contrast to Experiment 1, the interaction between willingness and ability in men’s mate choice was not observed, probably due to the sufficient strength of willingness cues in Experiment 2.
With the adequately displayed willingness cues,
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Target-irrelevant ability increased attractiveness only as a male romantic partner (Prediction 2). Same as in Experiment 1, these results possibly suggest that people have relaxed standard for ability of friends and female mates to offer resources when willingness to offer such benefits is properly controlled for. If so, this null effect of ability on friend choice and men’s mate choice is consistent with Prediction 4 and 5. Moreover, both men and women can downplay the information value of target-irrelevant ability when target-specific willingness is already known (the same logic behind Prediction 3 that willingness will have a stronger influence on attractiveness of a partner). However, in women’s mate choice where stake size is large (the largest of the four types of partner choice covered in this paper), it is reasonable for women to be deliberate and demanding in choosing a mate. This might be the reason why women took target-irrelevant ability into consideration even though target-specific willingness was already
Mate choice is a product of mate preferences form in the environment of evolutionary adaptiveness (EEA). Sexual selection suggests that females prefer males who they can gain benefits from such as gifts. This is shown in male birds who make nests for females in order to mate with them and also in insects who give nuptial gifts.
As well as the social factors that lead to interpersonal relationships there are a number of different theories that also account for the formation of interpersonal relationships. The matching hypothesis by Walster et al (1966) is such a theory. In the study a computer dance was organised in which the participants were randomly allocated to partners. Midway during the dance the participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding the view of their partners. The views were recorded and compared to judges views of the physical attractiveness of the
The finding that people pair of with others who are equally as attractive is known as
In his article, The Strategies of Finding a Mate, David M. Buss discusses the act of finding a mate and the characteristics that people are drawn to in a mate. He begins the article with a brief look at the history of mating and the theories that have previously been proposed. In particular he addressed Charles Darwin’s theory of sexual evolution and belief in preferential mate choice. Buss proposes that there are three components to human mating. He states that “human mating is inherently strategic… mating strategies are context-dependent… [and that] men and women have faced different mating problems over the course of human evolution and, as a consequence, have evolved different strategies” (Buss, 1994, p. 241). He uses this theory to propose nine different hypotheses to prove that despite humans being varied and different from each other, all humans look for similar characteristics when trying to find a mate (Buss, 1994).
This essay aims to show a comparison between the differences between both female short-term mating strategies and female long-term mating strategies. It will explore the evolution of psychology that has shown reasons for human mating and how these reasons go above and beyond the general idea of physical attractiveness and love. This essay will identify how mate preferences have evolved and further identify psychological mechanisms that women have used to select their mates over the past. This essay will compare and critically discuss the differences and outline them between female short-term mating strategies and female long-term mating
As I was reading The Beauty Bias, by Deborah L. Rhodes, I came across a statistic that perplexed me, saying the total “annual global investment in grooming” comes to $115 billion (Rhodes, pg. 32). This shocking fact provokes a worrisome question: Why do we, humans, spend so much time, money, and thought on our appearance? As a complex question, there are several equally complex answers. However, the simple answer is that everyone else invests their time and thought into your outer shell, eliciting effort from you to improve what they study - your external image. The concern placed on one’s fashion choice or natural features by society takes away from larger, more pressing issues such as the declining economy, or feeding third-world countries.
This article argues that physical attractiveness is a gateway for a healthy relationship. Singles, of both sex, recognizes the importance of physical attractiveness, especially online. Only when the standard is meet would they investigate further into the personality. It also argues that excessive attractiveness is unnecessary, and people prefers “averagely” attractive partner. The author is a dating & mating psychologist, has deep study in relationships. I will use this article as a major point to support my thesis statement.
J. 2006). This argument combines behavioural solution to problems such as deciding a high quality mate, with psychological mechanisms produces behaviour. There is no explanation assuming that same psychological mechanism cannot produce various behaviours that solved distinct problems. For example, the domain general “mechanism” of social learning, involving observations of role models through imitations of the observed behaviour. Such as, a female employs social learning in selecting an item. She observes her parents selecting an item, and she does the same. If she switches problems domains to the selection of mate, the mechanism of social learning would not guide her to discover a mate. Instead, it would guide her to look and imitate mate-selection behaviour of female role models; leading to the achievement of mate-selection criteria that are particular to the problem domain of choosing a mate. The domain-general mechanism of social learning will generate behavioural solutions to each problem domain in which it operates. This illustrates the domain-general learning mechanism operates on domain specific inputs, creating information specific to those inputs; in order to generate
In the article the researchers were trying to challenge the sexual strategies theory. It seems as though sexual strategies theory is different genders having different preferences when choosing a mate, in the case of long and short term relationships. The hypothesis at first was that both boys and girls felt that attractiveness was important. Girls would be more inclined to date someone because of social status and that boys would be the complete opposite. They also expected that social status would only become important when the person is attractive and social status would be important no matter if the person is attractive on no for girls. The last thing that was tested was according to Ha (2009) “the potential moderator effects of
5. Compare and contrast how filter theory and social exchange theory view dating and mate selection.
The majority of the time the person who is left longing for more than just a casual hookup is the female. Women, by nature, are more likely to become more emotionally attached, especially when it comes to sexual activities. However, most of the time, girls will be willing to play along with the game of hooking up. Perhaps, in hopes, that it will someday lead to something more. But, if and when it doesn’t, they can be left emotionally distraught. Girls will become attached to the person they are with and grow to have a sincere care for them. However, when it comes to picking a mate, boys are not as particular about the girl. A study, Age and gender differences in mate selection criteria for various involvement levels found that “men should be equally as selective as women with respect to long-term mates, but less selective than woman with respect to short-term mates criteria (Kenrick).” Boys are less likely to think about all aspects of girl when planning on hooking up with her, unlike girls. They are not as particular because they are just looking for
Choosing a mate in society now days is usually base on our ideal image of significant other we have created in our head that is influence by our surroundings. The mate selection theory, which appeals most to me, is the Ideal Mate Theory because everybody has developed a concept of their own ideal mate. Three reasons why this theory of the Ideal mate theory appeals to me are:
According to the author the information stems from the most massive study of human mating behaviors ever done. The author cites the information taken from a survey of over 10,000 people of varying ages all over the world to create his theories about men and women 's desires in mates, and why they desire what they do.
Michael Porter classified market attractiveness by five forces: industry competitiveness, potential entrants, substitutes, buyers, and suppliers (Keller & Kotler, 2016). Long-term attractiveness depends on the five forces, and help determine the overall attractiveness of each market segment, and the needs of those within the segment. Market segment refers to a group of customers who have similar sets of needs and wants (Keller, Kotler, 2016). Geography, demographics, psychological and behavioral variables are used to decipher if the services Uber has to offer meet the wants and needs of its consumers. After identifying and grouping customers based on their similarities and differences, the overall attractiveness for each segment must be identified. The market segments must be identifiable, measurable, actionable and stable.
A few relationships tend to be based solely on their partner’s level of attractiveness. We determine how attractive someone is, “ the prejudice of deciding what to do based solely on outward appearance could cost the pursuer the chance of a meaningful relationship” (Modern Day Adages). Although someone is “better” looking doesn’t mean anything when it comes to their character and personality. An “average” person can be more beautiful on the inside than a “better” looking person. As a society, we need to give others the opportunity to show themselves even if they’re “average.”