Task 1 And 3 Combined

This feature was achieved by ensuring that the sag ratio remained low. The bridge has also become a navigation site for many commercial and tourist traffic in the River Thames Waterways.

The final primary component of a suspension bridge is the deck, or the roadway upon which cars drive and pedestrians walk. The deck is built from massive pieces of steel-reinforced concrete hoisted into the air and laid into place upon the bridge. Deck pieces are connected with bolts and rivets, then suspension cables connect each section of deck to the main

•September/2016 - After the layout of the gravel and topsoil has been accomplished the next process is to begin the building of any bridges over waterways and boardwalks to include low, wet spots that were unable to be dugout. Due to the use of equestrian or ATv usage the bridges will need to be structurally strong using items such as steel or high strength treated lumber.

Although the Tacoma Narrows Bridge is oft considered “the most spectacular failure in bridge engineering history”, it was far from being the first unsuccessful suspension bridge. There were ten prior suspension bridges that failed due to unaccounted wind/oscillating forces. However, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapsed 50 years after the last bridge, and it was the most expensive and longest- more than double any previous bridge- that is the reason why its failure is so significant. The remains of this bridge now serve as “one of the world’s largest manmade

2. The only problem that we had with our instructions was that they were too long. Our joint venture partner had not tested the time it would take someone, who was seeing the instructions for the first, to build the bridge. It would have made it much easier if the instructions had given time limits. For example stating that step 2 should be finished before there is 20 minutes left.

Brunel’s solutions were groundbreaking and critics often questioned his designs. The Clifton Suspension Bridge had the longest span of any bridge in the world when it was completed; the Maidenhead Bridge was both the largest spanning brick arch bridge and the first to use a flattened arch form; and the Royal Albert Bridge was built using lenticular iron trusses.

Mercker does this with two of his paintings. Bridge Construction is a painting that was completed in Germany in 1936 (Türk, 2003, p. 312). This painting shows concrete arches, the beginning of a bridge being made (Jung, 2014, p.312). Mercker, does a rough overview of the construction of some bridges from a distance. The artist uses some tertiary colors for the color of the bridges.

During the construction, two half-spans being assembled 50 meters above ground level had a misalignment of 4.5 inches or 114mm in camber. It was suggested by John Holland & Constructions to use a kentledge to weigh down the higher section of bridge. It so happened that they had ten, eight tonne concrete blocks on site. These were placed halfway along the higher span to

Prior of this time, most bridge design were based on trusses, arches, and cantilevers to support heavy freight trains. Automobiles were obviously much lighter. Suspension bridge design had been envolving into producing bridges of maximum grace, lightness and flexibility which actually was more suited for carrying lighter cars and not heavier train. Unfortunately, engineers did not fully understand the response of the suspension bridge design to these poorly understand forces. The second reson was due to the excitation of torsional mode. The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was built with shallow plate girders instead of the deep stiffening trusses of railway bridges, in which trusses allowed wind to pass through but plate girders, on the other hand, present an obstacle to the wind. As a result of its design, it was proved that the bridge was too light and unstable. And causing alloping Gertieaction which were driven by the wind were being experienced by the bridge.

It is shaped in a way to transfer weight to the towers and anchors with its tension (O'Connor, 1971, p. 372). Cables are made of high strength wires spirally bound to form a rope (O'Connor, 1971, p. 372). Vertical cable suspenders that are fastened to the main cables hang the actual roadway. Stiffening girders and trusses are along the side of the bridge to distribute concentrated loads and help to keep the motion of the bridge at a minimum (Troitsky, 1994, p115).

The masterful works of art, known as bridges, are some of the most complex structures people design. With absurdly complicated bridges, like the Lucky Knot Bridge in China, to an everyday bridge that you would see in North Carolina, engineers everywhere must go through the same process of making sure these bridges are safe and secure. The dedication and amount of hours that go into deciding the structure, what addons will overall make the bridge itself stronger, and what makes these bridges economical checks to see that they are universally safe, and to hopefully prevent another Tacoma Narrows Bridge tragedy.

Leon Moisseiff was commissioned in 1937 to build a bridge that would rival the length of the Brooklyn Bridge yet remain elegant and appealing to residents. He created a perfect design and the project moved in search of contractors. From 1938 to 1940, continuous work constructed a suspension bridge a mile-long. At the time, the Tacoma Narrows was the third largest bridge in the world. The design was simple yet slender, with two 420 foot tall towers and a pair of suspension cables supporting the road. The towers were reinforced carbon steel to support the lengthy bridge. The concrete deck was 39-feet wide and 8-feet deep. The girders were made of carbon steel anchored in giant blocks of concrete. The design was narrower, lighter and more flexible than any other bridge in the world. The Seattle Toll Authority expected to Leon’s design to handle 60,000 vehicles a day and increase travel to Olympic Peninsula.

ii. The bridge should be strong enough to withstand all normal loading during the whole of its lifetime and all unexpected loading that might occur during accidents.

A bridge is a structure providing path over an obstacle. When constructing a bridge, obstacle can be a river, railway track or a valley and the path provided by bridge can be for a road, pedestrians, a railway, pipelines, viaducts to carry water from rich areas to dry cities, or for commercial purpose to host commercial buildings such as restaurants and shops. A bridge can also be laid to reduce the distance of travel which in turn reduces the time to reach the destination.

The Millau Viaduct is located on Millau and Creissels, France. The bridge stretches across the Tarn River. It is the world's tallest cable-stayed bridge with a height of 343m (which is 40m more than the height of Eiffel Tower). It spans 2.6 km and has a net weight of about 266,000 tons. During summer, the roads stretching along Tarn valley, from Paris to Spain used to become jammed with holiday traffic, which created caused the necessity for construction of a bridge. The objective was to reduce the time required to travel to southern. The Millau Viaduct is the final link in the 338km A75 highway. The road opens up a faster alternative route from north Europe to south France. The bridge was awarded the 2006 International