Tb Research Paper

This disease is passed from human to human through a simple cough. The agents from the M. tuberculosis complex directly attack the respiratory system, specifically the lungs in most cases. The microbe can also effect the brain, kidneys or spine (Biggest). From there the disease can take two forms, latent or active. In Figure 1, the chart shows the aggressiveness difference between latent and active. Patients that had HIV were found to have a higher chance of catching the microbe or becoming re-infected with the disease. Latent TB is basically TB with the symptoms turned off. When tested for the infections, the results are positive, but the patient does not feel sick or show any symptoms. Latent TB patients will not spread the infection and are not infectious (Biggest). Without treatment very few cases will morph into the active form within two years of infection. Active form is the most aggressive and contains the most concern. Symptoms include, weight loss, loss of appetite, fever, fatigue and chills. When TB has infected the lungs patients will witness chest pain, coughing for more than three weeks and may get as far as coughing up blood (Biggest). This form is very infectious and can be passed easily through the air as an infected person coughs the microbes into the surrounding air. For now, no vaccines or drugs have been found to completely cure Tuberculosis. Only the symptoms can be dealt with. Unfortunately, there is a new strands emerging that is multidrug- resistant and extensively drug-resistant where treatment is no longer an option

Tuberculosis is spread from person to person through droplet infection. In other words, when an active victim coughs, they eject millions of tiny infected aerosol droplets of sputum into the air, and when another person breathes in the Mtb, the bacteria nestle in the lungs, make themselves at home, and immediately begin multiplying. Contrary to popular belief, although tuberculosis is contagious, it is not as highly contagious as compared to other infectious diseases. Around one in three close contacts, mainly immediate family and intimate friends, and one in ten remote contacts of an infected individual, consequently became infected as well, through exposure to contaminated air (Tuberculosis). This nature of tuberculosis often caused tragedies in households, killing off entire families at a time, since the most frequent visitors were

The bacteria that caused TB is spread through the air from person to person. The TB bacteria are put into the air when a person with TB disease coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become infected. It is caused by bacteria that spread from person to person through microscopic droplets into the air. This can happen with the untreated, active form of tuberculosis does any of the following actions that were previously mentioned. Although tuberculosis is contagious, it is not easy to catch. TB bacteria can live in the body without making you sick. This is called latent TB infection. In most people who breathe in TB bacteria and become infected, the body is able to fight the bacteria to stop them from growing. People with

As Mtb is inhaled by a healthy individual, it is phagocytosed by the macrophages and dendritic cells in the lung alveoli. Macrophages, a part of the innate immunity, play a major role in killing and containing Mtb. Of the many bacteria inhaled, macrophages are able to kill some, while the others replicate

Tuberculosis(TB) is a communicable disease that is caused by germs that are spread from person to person through the air. This disease has notably been around in excess of 5,000 years. The effects span far beyond the host, but to all of the people that have had close contact. The symptoms that are most prevalent are the lungs and the respiratory pathway is attacked by producing symptoms such as, chest pain, respiratory distress, a cough, often productive. This is spread to other parties by droplet form and quickly can infect a large group if not diagnosed promptly. Latent TB is a form whereas one person breathes in the droplets from an infected person. Latent TB infected patients carry TB germs in their bodies,

There are certain stages that accompany TB. Primary tuberculosis occurs when it is someone’s very first time breathing in the mycobacteria bacteria. Once the bacteria settle along the fissures, subpleural spaces, and eventually in the alveoli of the lung. This is when the macrophages respond and engulf the bacteria. However, as these macrophages travel throughout the body they can potentially take the mycobacteria into local lymph nodes. While the macrophages and mycobacteria go head to head, granulomas are formed. Caseous necrosis occurs inside these granulomas. Gruanulomas can be seen in X-rays of the chest (Rishi, 2014).

In many cases, Mycobacterium tuberculosis usually develops because of inconsistent consumptions of drugs. Most of the time, most people don’t even know they are infected until symptoms occur because this pathogen is easily transmitted through air exchange (Medline Library, 2005). Although this pathogen usually remains inactive even when it is in the immune system, it becomes

alveoli and is engulfed by macrophages. One of the major features of M. tuberculosis is its

The many tactics used by M. tuberculosis to prevent from being destroyed by the alveolar macrophages is its ability to inhibit the fusion of phagosome with lysosome (Meena and Rajini., 2010)

Tuberculosis is a mycobacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Transmission usually occurs through exposure to the tubercle bacilli in airborne droplets from persons with pulmonary tuberculosis who talk, cough, or sneeze but not everyone infected with TB becomes sick with it. TB remains latent in the bodies. People with latent TB do not spread TB to others. The nature of latent TB is extremely important, especially in an age of HIV, because latent TB can become active in people with weak immune systems. This could occur because of HIV. Thus, the large amount of people in the world with latent TB infection have a very significant risk of developing active infection if they are infected with HIV. The TB-HIV interface is

MTB has evolved a highly efficient means of aerosol transmission that exploits immune-mediated damage to the lungs of individuals with active disease. Successful transmission can be detected by an antigen-specific T cell response in exposed contacts. Bacteria reaching the deep lung are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages in the first step of pathogenesis. Inside the macrophage the bacteria will either be destroyed, begin

The infectious bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause tuberculosis it is an acid-fast bacillus that typically affects the lungs but may invade other parts of the body. Dr. Robert Koch discovered this rod-shaped bacterium, also called Koch’s bacillus, in 1882. “Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a large non-motile rod shaped bacterium. The rods are 2-4 micrometers in length and 0.2-0.5 um in width. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate aerobe. For this reason, MTB infections are always found in the upper lobes of the lungs. “The bacterium is a facultative intracellular parasite, and usually inhabits macrophages, MTB has a slow generation time, 15-20 hours; this contribute to

TB is an infectious disease. This means that disease causing pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and protoctists, attack and contaminates the host’s cells, then spreads to other cells within the body.

Tuberculosis or TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacteria are aerobic bacteria, which do not form spores and are non-motile. They are curved, intracellular rods, and have cell walls made of glycolipids and phospholipidglycans that protect them from lysosomal attacks. TB is one of the world’s deadliest diseases. Approximately one out of three people worldwide are infected; in 2014, 9.6 million people were diagnosed with TB and there were 1.5 million deaths (CDC, 2014). This disease is highly contagious, and although the number of cases reported has decreased, the decrease was smaller than in previous years. New strains of drug resistant TB pose a threat to the global population as a whole; less than half of those diagnosed with drug-resistant TB are successfully cured.

Tuberculosis is among the fatal diseases that are spread through the air. It’s contagious, meaning that it spreads from one infected individual to another, and at times it spreads very fast. In addition to being contagious, the disease is an opportunist infection as it takes advantage of those with weak defense mechanism, and especially the ones with terminal diseases like HIV and AIDS. Tuberculosis is therefore among the major concerns for the World Health Organization due to its contagious nature (World Health Organization 1).