Temperament Influence

Chapter 4 discussed the emotional development developed in the first two years of infants and how it deals with the social world. Infants show different emotions according to their ages. Newborn infants are happy and relaxed when fed and they cry when they are hungry or hurt. About 6 weeks they start to express happiness through the social smile. The different emotions developed through different stages. I remember some of my childhood memories. When I was 6 years old, I started to learn riding motorcycle but one day I felt down and was badly injured. After that, I was scared to ride a motorcycle. This shows that fear is developed inside me. In addition, in the same age, whenever I was alone, I always act as doctor and used to make my Barbie

Secondly, temperaments are behavioral profiles that are measureable and testable in a child’s early childhood as children are born with their natural style of interacting and reacting to people and the environment. However, it is not something that a child chooses from birth, it is rather shaped by a child’s experiences and responses. Often parents need to accept their child’s traits and adjust themselves to educate them. There are three constellations of temperament characteristic which are “easy”, children that are typically adaptable, “difficult”, children that tend to be intense and “slow-to-warm-up”, and children that are easily upset by change (Thomas & Chess, 1950). Children with different temperament .By identifying the proper discipline techniques, traits that are present from birth can be molded to continue to influence growth in essential ways throughout life.

What is temperaments and how is it formed? Temperament is the way a person or in this matter a child or infant would behave or react to an event or their environment (Cook & Cook, 2014). A temperament is formed by nature and nurture, all thought an infant is born with an “innate tendency” the temperament will form as the infant parents reinforce this temperament (Cook & Cook, 2014). Some infants are born more sociable, and others might be shy and even afraid of most things (Cook & Cook, 2014). Everyone needs to feel accepted, and children are not far behind, is important they feel accepted even if their temperament “isn’t easy to handle” or just a breeze temperament (Zerotothree, 2010). A child’s temperament and personality can be a something they have inherited from the infants’ parents, but the environment where the infant grows is just as important as the genetics (Cook &

Stranger wariness: Infant no longer smiles at any friendly face but cries or looks frightened when an unfamiliar person moves too close.

At 6 weeks infants develop a social smile, at 3 month laughter and curiosity develop, at 4 months full responsive smiles emerge, from 4-8 months they develop anger, from 9014 months they develop a fear of social events, at 12 months the are fearful of unexpected sights and sounds, and at 18 months they are self-aware, feel pride, shame, and embarrassment. In the first two years, infants develop from reactive pain and pleasure to complex patterns of social awareness. Emotions in infants are produced from their body as opposed to their thoughts. Therefore fast and uncensored reactions are common in infants. During their toddler years, the strength of their emotions will increase.

The study of temperament can be used to understand the role of heredity in development. Infants show a variety of temperament in their first week of life. Some infants are irritable, difficult and unpredictable while others are easy, cheerful and relaxed.These inborn traits tend to persist in throughout their lives. The emotionally reactive newborns tend to be most reactive 9 months old, exceptionally shy children were most often the shy 13 year old and emotionally intense preschoolers tend to be emotionally active adults. Additionally, the identical twins have similar temperament compared to the fraternal twins.

On the opposite end of the spectrum of emotion, infants between two and forty eight hours old were tested in their response to touch in the article, “Classical conditioning in newborn humans 2–48 hours of age” written by Elliot M. Blass. In this article two groups of infants were stroked on their heads for different intervals of time and watched for any change in behavior. The second experimental group had been stroked for ten second intervals exhibited more head movements and more than half of the babies, about seven out of eight, cried as opposed to the one out of sixteen in the first control group of infants. While this helps and even goes so far as to prove that early bonding between newborns and their mothers should form a bond as early as possible, it also shows that classical conditioning can happen at any age.

This study included 71 infant females age?, and both of their parents, which were predominantly Caucasian and middle-class and were taken from another larger study that examined infants’ socio-emotional development. The parents completed a questionnaire prior to each laboratory visit that consisted of questions regarding demographics and infant temperament. The questionnaire measured three factors of temperament, surgency (smiling/ laughing), negative affectivity (distress to limitations/ sadness), and regulation (low intensity pleasure/ cuddliness).

Temperament is defined as the features of your personality that are present at birth and have a genetic/biological basis. Your temperament, or basic disposition, interacts with environmental influences to create your personality (Salters-Pedneault, 2010). Temperament is a behavioral style that shows the how of behavior, rather than the what or why. Temperamental differences are present at birth; they influence how children behave toward individuals and objects in their environments and how they are affected by the environment (Behavioral-Development Initiatives, 1996-2012). Temperament originates in genes and

4. Irritable, fussy behavior in young baby depends how much attentions parents provide to the baby. Newborns babies “tend to cried from one to eleven minutes per hour, for an average of about two hours per day”(Brook, p.211). If you are a parent and your baby is crying, and you don’t go see what is going on, then you baby is going to continue crying and crying and instead of two hours per day it would turn to four hours because you are not sensible to you child need. But if you are the type of parent, that when the baby cries, go running to see what is going on, then you baby will develop a sense of security everytime they see you because they would start to understand that everytime they need something, the parent will be there. Infants behavior

Maternal sensitivity was based on 10 things; “acknowledgment of the infant’s interactive signals, elaboration of the child’s vocalizations and movements, warm and positive affect, affectionate tone of voice, fluency of the interaction, consistency and predictability of style, resourcefulness in dealing with the infant’s negative states, appropriate range of affect, and adaptation to the infant’s state and signals” (Fedlman and Eidelman 2004). 5 objects concluded the way they computed the child’s social associations at 6 months and 7 items at 12 and 24

At another extreme, there are others who would tell parents to respond to their crying infants. Proponents of this practice believe that responding to a crying infant will contribute to the development of infant trust and attachment. According to Ludington-Hoe, Cong & Hashemi (2002), failing to respond to an infant’s cries quickly, regularly and thoroughly may lead to low self-esteem and a damaged attachment between the caregiver and the infant. Yet, there are still many parents who delay responding to infant crying due to the belief that infants can be spoiled when their cries are answered. Parents can be reassured that this belief is not supported by any research and neuroplasticity suggests that managing early infant crying appropriately

Based on the answers given by my caregiver, the temperament category that seems appropriate for me is the Easy Baby category. This is due to the answers such as “It wasn’t long before you calmed down” after I became distressed when someone that I did not know carried me. This type of behavior would be reflecting the characteristic of being easy to calm that would be frequently observed in the specified category. Furthermore, answers such as “Yes, you did not wake often during the night” means that I had regular routines and schedules, therefore, I would not be categorized into the category of a difficult baby with irregular schedules. Moreover, it was easy for my mom to know what I was crying about or what I needed by

The research art I chose did a long-term longitudinal measurement of infant habituation and temperament were examined. The study was recorded at both 5 months old and 16 months. Forty infants participated in the study of habituation at 5 months. The number of peaks associated with the habituation rate was associated with a 5 of 9 temperament dimensions. Within the looking time total, most were related to the same temperament dimensions. The 5 months old that habituation sooner recorded having fewer peak fixations than ones who did not. These babies were rated by their mothers that they were more intense, active, and had more negative moods than at 13 and 20 months. Results showed that temperate measurement had a positive correlation with the

Although babies spend most of their time sleeping and eating they still have transitions to different stages. For example, reflexes are the most common for people to recognize the organized patterns of behavior. Also, a crying baby is what everyone recognizes. However, it is somewhat good when the baby cries, because it stimulates strong discomfort that the adults can realize. Usually the baby just needs a diaper change or needs to be feed, but sometimes its more and it is the parent's job to figure out why the baby is crying. The parents have to soothe them; they can do this by rocking, walking, swaddling, and talking softly. The baby also is developing their five senses, so it is important that the parents do not interfere with the development. For example, using screaming very loudly can ruin a baby's hearing. Vision is the one that develops the least. Nerveless, newborns can recognize human faces and want the mother's familiar face instead of a stranger. The most widely used instrument for helping the behavior of the newborn infant is Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). It has helped researchers understand newborns better.