Extended Essay
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Damien Jeannenez
Sommaire A. Introduction 3 B. First Section 4 I. Schein’s theory: Surface manifestation 4 a. Mottoes 4
b. Norms 5
c. Heroes 6
II. Schein’s theory: Organization values 7 III. Johnson’s theory: Rituals and routines 8 IV. First section conclusion 9 C. Second section 10 V. Hellriegel and Slocum’s Theory 11 VI. Denison and Spreitzer’s Theory 12 VII. Conclusion Section two 12 VIII. General Conclusion 12 D. References 13
Introduction
TESCO is a company that was founded in 1919 by JACK COHEN. It is presented usually as a big international retailer which is based essentially in Great Britain but also in China,
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This means that each employee of the firm will do its best to help every person who meets and who needs help. For example, the British newspaper THE INDEPENDENT explains that Tesco has developed a new strategy to help its clients to overcome the global economic crisis. Tesco set up a “discount strategy to consumers struggling with the effects of the credit crunch”. It creates the “pay day” strategy (Evans S., 2009). In fact, it tries to simplify the lives of its customers and of its employees. In conclusion, TESCO through its motto is trying to circulate an idea; a habit and a behavior to address face each person; each employee is a sort of flagship of the enterprise; one person is enough to give a bad image, in order that many people think that TESCO is a bad company, all of this is due because of the word of mouth. TESCO has created a corporate culture in order that does not happen with another surface manifestation.
Norms
Secondly in this second paragraph we talk about the norms of TESCO. In fact Mottoes have concerned the way in which employees should act within the company in relation to clients and colleagues. But the company also uses a strategy to boost its employees. In this case the Schein’s theory calls this a Norm. According to Schein “Norms are expected modes of behaviour that are accepted as the firm’s ways of doing things, thereby providing guidance for employee behaviour”. In a Case
Tesco is a multinational retailer which sells groceries and general merchandise. General merchandise is a term used in retail in reference to good that are being sold and not limited to a particular category. Tesco was founded 1919 by Jack Cohen. The Tesco name first appeared in 1924, after Cohen purchased a shipment of tea from T. E. Stock well and combined those initials with the first two letters of his surname, and the first Tesco store opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Middlesex. His business expanded rapidly, and by 1939 he had over 100 Tesco stores across the country.
The business started in 1919 with one man, Jack Cohen, offering staple goods from a slowdown in the East End of London. Jack purchased surplus supplies of tea from an organization called T.E. Stockwell. T.E. Stockwell and Cohen joined their names to mark the tea Cohen initially sold TESCO tea. In 1929, the main Tesco store opened in north London.[7]
Tesco have been around from 1919 and has continued to grow and to expand ever since and is now a recognised brand nationally around the UK. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen it originally started out with him behind a stall. The First Tesco store which opened was in 1929 in Burnt Oak in Middlesex. This expanded and became bigger by 1939 which led to over 100 Tesco stores across the country. Around the world there are 6,784 stores and Tesco have more than 500,000 employees all around the world which I am one of. From the 1990s Tesco’s became an international business of more than 3,200 stores. Tesco’s have become global white stores over 12 countries.
Tesco is worldwide organisation which is well known in providing services to their customers, the organisation is been operating since the early 1924 providing services to consumers.
There is a “blurring of boundary between self and organisation” (Rosen 1988), giving workers a chance to develop more personal relationships with fellow workers, which I believe is an important consideration in driving culture. However subtly it is a form of normative control which reinforces the organisations hierarchy. Nevertheless, bosses, co-workers, and inferiors in the organisation socialise in the social setting, not as “subordinates” (Rosen 1988) but as equals. This further “blurs the boundaries between that which is work and play, instrumental and moral, inside and outside” (Rosen 1988), where familial bonds are forged and comradeship created. Here, workers’ life and work become indistinguishable. Creating and maintaining a strong culture is thus beneficial for both employees and employers as they feel “belonging as family and profession” (Rosen 1988). Greater bonding among workers helps develop a sense of connection and a feeling of belonging, which therefore increases the productivity of the employees and therefore make the organisation more profitable. The Christmas party is ultimately “a collection of members forming an organic unity” (Rosen 1988), creating a culture which “encourages an informal, flexible, and dedicated membership, one not constrained by extensive rules, and one capable of accomplishing ill-defined and complex tasks” (Rosen 1988). It is the ongoing drive to succeed which continues to grow the
Tesco is an international grocery and a general merchandising retailer in the United Kingdom. It’s the third largest retailer in the world and the second largest by profits. There are Tesco stores in fourteen countries in North America, Asia and Europe. Tesco are also known for being the grocery market leader in United Kingdom
Tesco is one of the leading food retailers within the UK retail industry and is one of the largest food retailers in the world with its headquarters based in Chechens United Kingdom In 1919 Jack Cohen the founder of Tesco started selling groceries from his market stall in the East End of London. In 1929 the first Tesco store was opened by Mr Cohen in North London. The business has continued to grow and Tesco now operate in 12 different counties, employ more than 500,000 staff and cater for over 75 million shopping trips every week (http://www.tescoplc.com).
Tesco PLC is one of the largest retailer in the world and by revenues it is the third largest , started in Welwyn
Tesco PLC is a British multinational grocery, and general merchandise retailer headquartered in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom, that was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen .It is the third largest retailer in the world measured by profits and second-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues. It has stores in 12 countries across Asia and Europe and is the grocery market leader in the UK (where it has a market share of around 28.4%), Ireland, Hungary, Thailand and Malaysia.
However, they can hardly be allowed to work (act, believe, and value) against the interests of the business its leaders, and its shareholders. What, then, ensures trust, loyalty, and full ‘over the top’ commitment?” (Gee, 1996, p. 19). Gee is implying that because the rise of the globalized and increasingly technologized world, this “hypercompetitive, fast-changing environment workers” is causing businesses to figure out a way to create a sense of community amidst the loneliness of being part of a gigantic network structure that spans thousands of employees and multiple continents, potentially. Gee goes even further with his hypothesis by describing the phenomenon of companies creating a “Discourse,” which is essentially “creating goals, core values, a vision, a ‘culture’” (Gee, 1996, p. 19). Altogether, Gee is essentially making the claim that the cultural aspect of the use of special words collectively is an aim to motivate workers to feel as if they are truly ingrained in the culture of the company, which does create certain unique “moral universes” within each companies. Gee does not take a stance on whether this is
Tesco was established by Jack Cohen in the 1919. The brand first appeared after Cohen bought a shipment of tea from
Tesco PLC is a British multinational grocery founded by Jack Cohen in year 1919. As one of the world’s largest retailers with 476,000 colleagues worldwide, serve millions of customers a week in Tesco stores and online (Our businesses, n.d.). In addition, Tesco has stores in 11 countries across Asia and Europe. For example, Malaysia, UK, Hungary, Ireland, Poland, China, India, etc. Since its launch in 2002, Tesco have opened over 50 stores across Peninsular Malaysia.
It is observed that Tesco is among one of the organisations that deals in the international market however, it would be appropriate for the company to focus on their internal working structure so is to increase their work balance and efficiency. Apart from focusing on power culture, organisations nowadays mainly focus on different organisational structure while determining the work and flow of power within the company. There are different types of organisational cultures that further help the organisation to determine their internal working (Punnett, 2015). These
Tesco was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen, when he purchased the shipment of tea from T.E Stockwell and later in 1924 combined the initial of the names (TES) with the first two letters of his surname (CO). The first TESCO store was opened in Burnt Oak, Middlesex in 1929. Tesco is now operating in 14 different countries around the globe with almost 5000 stores worldwide and it is one of the largest retailers around the world. According to Kantar worldpanel, 2012 Tesco covers almost 30% of the market share in the UK.
Recognition was given in addition at meetings and performance appraisals. This is the observable culture, however as Wood et al (2010)explain, shared meanings and stories are other powerful aspects of culture and this can be observed at True local by the high turnover of staff by both stories and norms that communicate the need to work hard to perform in the job or leave. Cultural symbols include trophies for ‘employee of the month ‘awarded to the highest performer. These symbols serve to transmit cultural meaning (Wood et al, 2010). In the sales department a large subculture can be observed. Wood et al (2010) explain strong subcultures are often found in high performance task forces where people share similar values and backgrounds. This subculture included men between the ages of 22-30 yrsthat have no formal education, drink alcohol excessively, are passionate about technology, highly materialistic and view women as sex objects, which can often be observed by their language and behaviour. Moreover this culture is likely to be influenced by the national culture of which the organisation is embedded (Wood et al, 2010). In fact this subculture existed in the old culture before the restructure of which the company held ‘diversity training’ focused on discrimination and fairness within the workplace resulting in terminations. According to The Economist (2008), in the economicdownturn companies need ‘Generation Y’ as hungry 25-35 year olds