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Thailand's Universal Healthcare Program

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Thailand's Universal Healthcare Program It began in 1975 as a social welfare scheme for the poor, which offered them comprehensive health care (WHO 2012). The scheme covered both basic and more expensive medical services. Basic care included free prescription drugs, outpatient care, hospitalization and disease prevention. The more expensive services included radiotherapy, surgery, critical accident care and emergencies. The scheme, however, excluded renal replacement therapy, due to budget shortage. In the meantime, the demand for hemodialysis increased in the country. The National Health Security Office, which implements the Universal Coverage Scheme, recognized the burden imposed by this demand, especially on account of the not-too-well-controlled major health risks to kidney diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension. Renal replacement therapy requires hemodialysis, which costs around 400,000 baht or US$12,100 per year. This is four times more than the per quality-adjusted life year threshold set by the National Health Security Office subcommittee allotment for drugs and treatments at 100,000 baht or US$300. Officials believe that kidney disease should have been included in the Universal Coverage Scheme plan to respond to the rising demand for hemodialysis in the country. Kidney disease is included in the two other schemes. These are the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme and the Social Security Scheme, which rely on public funds. Thailand reformed its public health

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