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The Accumulation Of Greenhouse Gases

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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background
The accumulation of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) in the atmosphere has been a debate topic among scientists since a long time ago as it contributes to the risen of global surface temperature (Liddle and Lung, 2010). Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been pointed as the main greenhouse gas which responsible for global warming and related changes in climate. It has been increasing significantly over the past century, compared to the pre-industrial era (about 280 parts per million, or ppm). Empirical studies which explicitly examine the link between population and pollution in a systematic quantitative manner are very few in number (Cole and Neumayer, 2004).
Recently, some studies have dealt with the causality …show more content…

Indonesian population growth has been slowed from the past decade (BPS, 2016). Indonesia approximately generated 215.6 terawatt hours in 2013 that was the biggest electricity output in the ASEAN region (IEA, 2015b).
Global warming is the major issue that has severe consequences. For the sake of the planet before 2050, it is vital to limit the impacts. In order to reduce the GHG emissions and energy consumption, some countries have taken measures or policies to increase the cleaner and renewable energy sources. Because of the importance of reducing global warming, the Indonesian government has committed reducing minimum 26% GHG emissions by 2020. Indonesian flagship forest policy started since 2011 has lowered the GHG emissions from deforestation by 1-2.5% over 4 years. This moratorium on new licenses to log or clear rainforest also extended from2 to 4 years (2013-2015). Indonesia’s current policy projection is the National Energy Policy (NEP) also set a relatively low bar for updating from fossil fuel to renewable energy sources, the target is 23% by 2030. The NEP also states that coal will still provide 30% of the total primary energy supply (TPES) by 2030 (APERC, 2016). In the other hand, the projections of this plan, the

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