The Act Of Basking And Public Image

Though it does not come up in everyday thought, cultural identity is an idea that all humans possess. Abridged, cultural identity can be simply explained as the sharing of a similar culture by people of various ethnicities. However, cultural identity is more complex than that, defined by an individual’s values, beliefs, and ideas of moral behavior influenced by their culture. Furthermore, cultural identity is ever changing from individual to individual. This means that although two individuals may be of the same ethnicity, differences in circumstances may cause variations between the individuals’ personal beliefs. As a result of interracial interactions, multiculturalism has grown during the twenty-first century.

Results A: Students tended to wear more apparel associating themselves with their own university (e.g. jersey or sweatshirt) when the football team won compared to when they lost.

Henceforth, in order to understand my own identity, required me to map my racial identity using Banks typology of ethnic identity development. As a result, I concluded that I belonged in stage four: biethnicity. Banks describes biethnicity for individuals who believe are a part of not only their own ethnic culture group, as well as in another one (88). To clarify, I participate in both Ecuadorian and American culture. For example, my family and I celebrate the American holiday known as Thanksgiving, regarding the traditional American cuisines. Instead, my family and I celebrate Thanksgiving and other American holidays

Racial identification is harder than ethnic identification for most people to avoid. To explain this, in “Racial Identities” in the

Depersonalisation occurs when an individual identifies with a certain group as he/she adopts the group’s identity wherein his/her personal identity takes less priority and he/she tends to downplay his/her’s own personal attributes in favour of acquiring the group’s attributes (Swann Jr et al., 2009; Korte, 2007). An individual constructs meaning of this social identity through self-categorisation and adopts the appropriate behaviour that is expected and utilised within the group (Korte, 2007). This further suggests that individuals have the tendency to display behaviours that the group they identify with displays even if it conflicts with their personal identity (Korte, 2007). Also, the more salient an individual’s social identity, the more likely the

“What terrifies me most is how we foam at the mouth with envy when others succeed but sigh in relief when they are failing our struggle to celebrate each other is what's proven most difficult in being human” ― Rupi Kaur, Milk and Honey

In this study, Trimble (2000) suggested a four-part ethnic identity measurement models that many cultural identity researchers have used in the field of culture psychology (e.g. Oetting & Beauvais, 1990-91; Moran et al., 1999). Based on the text, identity models are the most essential tools used to explore similarities or differences between people of diverse cultures, ethnic backgrounds, gender, and economic

How the world defines success varies from one's personal achievements and the culture from which that motivation to succeed grows. What is to say the worlds greatest achievement is the ability to praise the very accomplishment of others, or perhaps its biggest atrocity. The success of others is often viewed not in their achievement that originally made them a successor, but what that prosperity has done. What is the atrocity of success is not its foundation, but the multitude of fortune’s it might bring. Such fortunes include money, popularity, and power. No “successful” person is absent of these staples to their success. Perhaps what is worse is how success, in its most prevalent form, creates sentiments of exclusivism.

A person’s identity may be determined by him/her family background and this is proven evident in the essay “Private and Public Language” by Rodriguez. We live in a world in which identities are determined prematurely without hesitation. This means that even without getting to know an individuals personality the first thing that is done instead is determining identities based on your physical state, family, or family background. As a culture we live in a diverse environment in which the majority of people come from a different place, and as a result many are identified differently depending on where he/she and their family are from. Today’s culture is more diverse than ever, and more and more people are migrating to different countries and settling so I feel like it

Intergroup processes refers to how people in either the same, or different groups, behave and relate towards one another (Hogg, 2007). Group identity signifies the relationships that individuals form with each other based on descriptive and demographic characteristics such as race, gender, and religion (Weber, Johnson, & Arceneaux, 2011). Forming such links with similar individuals’ can provide a source of self-esteem, provide solutions to problems, and also enforce norms (Weber, Johnson, & Arceneaux, 2011). However, the relationships that are formed through intergroup processes and group identity, may also rationalise showing derogative behaviour, such as prejudice, towards individuals’ who are not part on the group (Weber, Johnson, & Arceneaux, 2011). Prejudice can be defined as the unfavourable attitudes that individuals’ have in regards to a social group or its individual members (Singh, 2015). Prejudice is often directed towards immigrants, which include any person who has left the country that they were born in, and currently reside in another country, where they are frequently rejected from becoming part of society, and are instead faced with demands that they return to where they came from (Singh, 2015). There are various theories and explanations for why group identity and intergroup processes impact peoples’ prejudice towards immigrants. Such theories and explanations include the social identity theory, realistic conflict theory, belief congruence theory, and the

Social identity theories reveal the tendency of social identity groups to perceive their group to be superior to others, and this perception is reinforced the constant comparison with other groups. The perception of superiority by one group over another commonly referred by sociologists as the in-group, while the other group is the out-group. It is the perception of the in-group and out-group phenomenon that leads to the further development of stereotypes and biases, while

Northeastern University should be the most impressive organization I have participated in which there was a prominent use of symbols. According to Keyton (2010, p. 19), "In summary, a symbol is a collective representation of a culture when the symbol or meaning is deeply felt or held, is interpretable within a community, and is widely accessible to members of the community." For example, the Husky, the mascot of Northeastern University, always notices me that I am a member of the University of Northeastern Community. As is mentioned by Keyton (2010), Jayhawk, the mascot of the University of Kansas, identifies the students, staff, faculty, alumni, and local businesspeople as belonging to the University of Kansas, and then helps to tie them to others who are also members of the Jayhawk community. So does husky shape my own interactions and the interactions of others in Northeastern University.

Robert Cialdini and his colleagues (1976) introduced and formalized the social psychological phenomenon called basking in reflected glory (BIRG), recognizing how individuals tend to increase their identification with a person or group—with whom they share a preexisting ingroup identity—when the latter has succeeded in an endeavor that brings group pride. Social identity theory is typically invoked to explain how the phenomenon is manifested through ingroup affiliation and self-enhancement. Though BIRG as a phenomenon has been found to be replicable across cultures, its determinants and manifestations nonetheless vary cross-culturally. Through the current literature review that aims to integrate the results of previous studies, it is found that the noninstrumental nature of ingroup identification and the increase in association with a successful other are cross-culturally similar. However, the construal of social identity and the achievements that become a source of ingroup pride are significantly determined by a country’s historical and economic milieu, while the characteristics of self-enhancement (on both ascribed group and self-esteem) are informed by the values and expectations set forth by the culture to which basking individuals belong.

“In matches between the two groups of football teams, the teams from the same state as the umpires received more favorable decisions than the other teams did by a margin of 11% for the 171 games studied.” In situations where the umpires had to allocate rewards to members of a group they identified with competing against a group they did not identify with they clearly favored their ingroup. This study helped proved the theory that intergroup competition is a prevalent reason why ingroup favoritism is often exhibited in society. This idea is completely embedded into the entire sporting culture of our society today. We group ourselves together with the “home team” or the ingroup. We prefer for that group, as well as ourselves by association, to be successful. The second explanation that is usually offered is the idea that people will have a better opinion of people in their ingroup in order to boost their own self-esteem by association. Robert Cialdini conducted a very interesting study on a concept called Basking in Reflected Glory (BIRG) at several different universities. In order to study how self-esteem was a determinant of ingroup bias, Cialdini and his team researched the behavior of students after victories and losses of the school’s football teams. Their results “Demonstrated the BIRG phenomenon by showing a greater tendency for university students to wear

Cultural identity is a part of the psychological self-concept that expresses an individual or group’s worldview and perceived cultural affiliations. The first step in finding a societal fit is to establish a cultural identity; this can be on an individual level and group level. Who am I? And where do I belong? These questions start to form in the human mind from an early age; it drives humans to explore their worldviews and how and where they fit in the world. Rosenfeld (1971) argued it is a deep-seated primal process that has ensured our continual survival. By finding others that think and act similarly we are offered some protection (Erickson, as cited in Carducci 2015). Erickson (as cited in Carducci, 2015) and Maslow (as cited in Mcleod 2007) argued that the need to belong is a basic building block of human development. Whatever the reason, the consensus is that humans have an intrinsic need to find a like-minded cultural group to belong to; this chosen affiliation is their cultural identity. A person may identify with more than one cultural