Abstract
Milling is a vital process used in the industry to make and assembling the components. The extensive and expensive experimental work is necessary to determine the optimal of machining process parameters for obtaining the desired machined quality. In this regard, the present work is focused on the relationship between the input process parameters and machined surface integrity for minimizing the machined damage. Moreover, the paper presents the comparative analysis and performance of two different mill tools such as a specially designed carbide tipped tool and a solid carbide tool. Subsequently, comparing the evaluation of two tools was illustrated by plotting origin graphs. Finally, experimental results were thoroughly analyzed by SEM to investigate the cutting characteristics of machined laminates.
Key words: cutting process parameters, GFRP composite laminates, compression moulding, a solid carbide end mill tool and a specially designed carbide tipped milling tool, SEM.
Introduction
FRP composites having superior material properties when compared with metals, improved corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, less weight to strength ratio and high fracture toughness. Hence GFRP composites frequently used in several applications like sports goods, racing car bodies and aerospace components [1]. Often composite products manufactured by near-net shapes. The components made by secondary machining processes are involving to get good dimensional accuracy and
When operating a Milling machine there are a lot of health and safety laws that have to be followed when preparing to use and using a milling machine, the laws and safety precautions that must be taken are as follows:
In order to accomplish this objective, weight assigned are W1= -0.1, W2=0.25 and W3=0.65. As in Table 5 and in Fig. 3, the optimal machining parameters predicted using SA are work speed (Vw= 51.15 m/min), feed rate (f = 16.30 mm/min) and depth of cut (d = 0.01 mm) for a minimum surface roughness of 0.476µm. For these parameters the roundness is found to be 0.028mm with a material removal rate of 20.34mm3/min.
Use a Mathcad script to determine the procedure used during the manufacture of a wound laminate composite tube and to assess its validity for use in stress and strain analyses.
In Figure 4, Young's modulus is plotted against yield strength. The diagonal line in the figure represents the material index M= σy/E. Materials below the diagonal line are the best candidate materials because they will remain elastic while providing the maximum conformability. All materials that cost more than $2.20 per pound and have a UV rating of "poor" were eliminated. Also, only materials that can be made through the polymer extrusion process were considered. The candidate materials are listed in Table 1 and ranked by the material index. The current material, TPV, is included in the table for
However, the absence of plastic deformation does not mean that composites are brittle materials like monolithic ceramics. The heterogeneous nature of composites result in complex failure mechanisms which impart toughness. Fiber-reinforced materials have been found to produce durable, reliable structural components in countless applications. The unique characteristic of composite materials, especially anisotropy, require the use of special design
Gluttony, greed, sloth, lust, pride, envy, and, wrath. These seven deadly sins wait in the shadows to find the correct prey to corrupt. One man believed that seven people, one person for each of the deadly sins, deserved to die as punishment. This man is the main antagonist in the movie Se7en; directed by David Fincher, cinematography by Darius Khondji, and production design by Arthur Max. The two protagonists, retiring Detective William Somerset and rookie David Mills, are called in to investigate a possible murder, which will become the first of the many more gruesome discoveries. As the movie progresses, Fincher shows the audience how different Detective Somerset and Mills are from each other. They seem to almost be character foils for each
Introduction: The available life cycle cost (LCC) models and procurement strategies do not take into consideration the varied manufacturing techniques for advanced composite materials. The increased use of advanced composite materials in aerospace
Composite materials are the engineering materials made from two or more constituent materials they remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level but forming a single component or Composites can defined as materials that consist of two more chemically and physically different phases separated by a distinct interface(matrix phase and dispersed phase). The different systems are combined judiciously to achieve a component with more and more useful structural or functional properties non-attainable by any of the constituent alone. In the composites usually Matrix phase is the primary or base phase having a continuous character or continuous molecular chain. But these Matrixes are usually less hard and more ductile phase. In composites it holds the dispersed (reinforcing) phase, shares a load with it. The Dispersed phase is encapsulated in the matrix in a discontinuous form called a secondary phase. This Secondary phase is usually stronger than that of the matrix phase, so is also called as reinforcing phase.
The program is loaded and finally an operator runs a test of the program to ensure there are no problems. This trial run is referred to as "cutting air" and it is an important step because any mistake with speed and tool position could result in a scraped part or a damaged machine. There are many advantages to using CNC Machining. The process is more precise than manual machining, and can be repeated in exactly the same manner over and over again. Because of the precision possible with CNC Machining, this process can produce complex shapes that would be almost impossible to achieve with manual machining. CNC Machining is used in the production of many complex three-dimensional shapes. It is because of these qualities that CNC Machining is used in jobs that need a high level of precision or very repetitive tasks. Other than that, there has some problem that always occur in CNC machine such as electrical fault, parameter issues, door and safety interlocks and others. If you are considering a career in CNC Machining, it would be useful to have a background in mathematics, industrial arts and mechanical drafting, as well as computer usage. There are many common problem of CNC Machining such as the material burns on outside edge, the material burns on outside edge, the material burns on internal corners of mould, the tool is burnt, burnt edges of holes, raised mark along edge of moulding, rough edge, cutter marks visible, component moves sideways and component not the correct
Resistance - In various assembling commercial enterprises, there is a sure level of resilience which is allowed when assembling parts. This is something that may vary, contingent on the thing that is being produced. At the point when redone CNC machining is used, it holds to tight resistances, which makes a predictable piece that will be of advantage to your
Composites, the wonder materials are becoming an essential part of today’s materials due to their advantages such as low weight, corrosion resistance,
Glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) can be designed in many ways depending upon the requirements, specifications and services. Therefore with variety of tasks, it’s properties like temperature range, electrical insulation, resistance to corrosion and abrasion and flammability also varies. A lot of applications of Glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) need good strength which can be tensile , flexural, compressive or impact depends upon the application. The surface finish of this composite material can be smooth or rough in different applications. The colours used in this applications can be moulded in. Parts made from Glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) can be simple, complex, large or small.
Today’s commercially available machines are accurate to ~0.08 mm in x-y plane, but less in the z (vertical) direction. Improvements in laser optics and motor control should increase accuracy in all three directions. In addition, RP companies are developing new polymers that will be less prone to curing and temperature-induced warpage. The introduction of non polymeric materials, inducing metals, ceramics and composites, represent another much anticipated development. These materials would allow RP user to produce functional parts. Today’s plastic prototypes work well for the visualization and fit tests, but they are often too weak for function testing. More rugged materials would yield prototypes that could be subjected to actual service conditions. In addition, metal and composite materials will greatly expand the range of products that con be made by rapid manufacturing.
The accuracy of CNC machines is mainly determined by a similar positioning resolution along all three orthogonal axes and by the diameter of the rotary cutting tools. There are factors that
Q1. Using the Mabati Rolling Mills Case Study, explain the various sources of funds as discussed by the management of Mabati Rolling Mills. Give the advantage and disadvantage of each source.