The Basic Characteristics Of Ip V4

The OSI Model is a model is used to define how data is theoretically passed on a network. Each layer is responsible and has its own duties for a network. The name of layer 3 in the OSI is the Network Layer. This layer is responsible for creating the paths for the transmission of data across the network. This layer provides routing and switching capabilities, as well as, internetworking, congestion control, and packet sequencing (Beal, 1999).

The fifth layer is the session layer this establishes a connection,this layer makes and sets up the connection using co ordinates and could terminate conversations links. the session layer produces services that make authentication after an interruption and not only that but it can reconnect.and as well as the transporting layer it can also have the TCP and the UDP can provide services for all most all applications.An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in both of the standard models of computer networking; the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model).Although both models use the same term for their respective highest level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different.In TCP/IP, the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process-to-process communications

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) IPv4 is a connectionless protocol for use on packet-switched networks. It is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP), that is one of the core protocols of standards-based internetworking methods in the Internet. It was the first version deployed for production in the ARPANET in 1983. It still used to routing most Internet traffic today, eventhough we have the next version of it,IPv6.

As we all know, the growth of computer networks continues to rapidly grow. The digital revolution has changed the way we work and communicate almost beyond recognition. Provided that, foreseeing the changes and potential compatibility problems, in the mid nineteen eighties, the international standard organization (ISO) developed a networking reference model to standardize how network systems communicate with each other. It is a logical model for how network systems are supposed to communicate with each other. It breaks down the different components of the network communication and puts them into layers which reduce complexity. This reference model consists of seven layers: Application Layer, Presentation Layer, Session Layer, Transport Layer, Network Layer, Data Link Layer, and the Physical Layer. Each layer provides a service to the layer above it in the protocol specification and then communicates with the same layer’s software or hardware on other computers. It's important to realize, that these layers are separated into 2 sets: Transportation Set (Laters 1- 4) and Application Set (Layers 5 – 7). More importantly, the OSI model is 7 logical

3: Network Layer: The use of network layer is switching and routing technologies. It demonstrates logical path and virtual circuits for transferring data from one node to

Module 1 establishes the framework of networking standards and protocols for the rest of the class. The module introduces data communications and defines their components and the types of data exchanged. You will learn how different types of data are represented and how data is flowed through the network.

I have learned many things in this class, things I never thought I were important. For example, the types of networks, I had never heard of MANs before. I knew what a LANs and WANs were but not the MANs. I now know MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks are large scale LANs. Another, thing gleaned from this class is Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server Networks. I found out that Peer to Peer networks are decentralized communication models where each station has the same ability to perform and any station can start a communication session. In the P2P network model each node functions as both a client and server. Whereas, a Client/Server Network is a program relationship where one program is the client and requests a service or resource from another program

• “Application - The Application Layer is the layer that most network users are exposed to, and is the level at which human communication happens. HTTP, FTP, and SMTP are examples of the application layer protocols the Patton-Fuller will now be utilizing for communicating electronically” (Network Design, 2012).

Describe the data communication types used historically and the developments that have led to modern day Local Area Networks (LANs). Detail any emerging technologies and where you think data communications are likely to be in ten years’ time.

Network protocol communications, network connections established by host computer, network routing information, information about computers

With the network performance issues being addressed through a restructuring and the implementation of specific VLANs the routers themselves can be optimized by the removal of the current, singular routing table which has grown so complex with a Virtual Routing & Forwarding (VRF) instance which permits several routing tables to exist at any one time, all of which can be updated with network and boundary information and therefore remove the current performance issue on router CPU utilization as well as providing a further element of a scalable network.

After a year of voting and much debate the final decision of electing the 45th president of the United States was once again down to the Electoral College. (history) The Electoral College system was established by the founding fathers around 130 years ago and basically a process used to select the President and vice President of the United States of America (Procon). So when you went to the polls on November 8th and casted your vote for the next president, something else happened behind the scenes and you may not like or if you are trump supporter you may love (Procon). For example, lets say you’re a Hillary Clinton supporter that lives in Washington, due to a certain amendment of the United States constitution, the Electoral College, you’re not actually voting for Hillary Clinton. (Procon)If you’re familiar with the process you are actually voting for a guy named Robert Satiacum and eleven of his peers. So who is Robert Satiacum? (Procon) He and 11 others were selected by the Washington state democratic party to represent them in Electoral College if their candidate, Hillary Clinton, wins the popular vote (Procon). If that happens, then Robert and the eleven electors will officially become electors of Washington, and they will earn the right to vote in the real election (Procon). On the real Election Day, the five hundred and thirty eight members of the Electoral College can technically vote for anyone they want (Procon). This process was thought of and finally agreed upon

The IPv4 came before the IPv6 and these datagrams are similar in many ways but also differ in more ways than one. IPv6 came out in the year 2004 and still uses many of the features that made IPv4 so successful. IPv6 is supposed to become the new standard over the older version of IPv6, but it is tough for v6 to take its spot when v6 cannot support everything v4 does, basically v6 cannot connect to a v4 system. Some differences are that it is stated that the IPv6 is more secure than the IPv4, the address size went from 32 bits in the IPv4 to 128 bits in the IPv6, extensible protocols are more flexible in the IPv6, IPv4 and IPv6 are not compatible, the IPv4 will not be able to support additional nodes or support for applications, and the

Most people have their own definition or view towards what medicine actually means. According to dictionary.com, medicine is any substance or substances used in treating disease or illness. Medical Technology is the actual use of technology to discover the diagnosis and also to create a cure for those illnesses and diseases. Medical Technology can also be used to do research, for example stem cell research. Doctors are using medical technology to determine how stem cells can be used to cure certain illnesses and diseases. Medicine is any form of a substance that is used to cure the illness or disease that has been diagnosed, but the medical technology is the usage of technology to learn and understand how to cure these specific illnesses and diseases.

The OSI model defines internetworking in terms of a vertical stack of seven layers. The upper