The Clash of Races
Africa has always been the centre of colonization for many European countries. With its colonization came stereotypes of African’s being inhumane, primitive and savage in comparison to the humanity of the civilized Europeans. The tradition model simplifies the stereotypes into Africans are bad and Europeans are good. Fortunately, it is not as clear cut as this. In Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, both the Igbo of the Umuofia and the British of Europe have good sides and dark sides of their respective races revealing that traditional perceptions of these races are not entirely accurate. Through their systems of government, court systems and religion both parties have the positive and negative effects on each other.
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This shows the generosity within the village, a quality that only a civilized and humane society could have. Also, the Africans have a comprehensive court system that is relatively fair and accepted by the people of Umuofia. Crimes are dealt with by a jury and prosecutions are harsh but fair. For example, murders and other violent crimes result in executions. In line with the standard canon of African culture, there are a lot of inhumane and uncivilized elements in it. There are a lot of battles fought between different tribes, and strange customs to avoid conflicts. In one instance “Nwoye had heard that twins were put in earthenware pots and thrown away in the forest” (61). The villager’s religion claimed that twins are seen as bad omen and should be killed. Another strange and horrific aspect of the Igbo religion is that they believe in sacrifice. A young boy, Ikemfuna, is killed because the tribe’s oracle aforementioned to eliminate him. During this novel, Okonkwo is seen beating his wives and children. Okonkwo is a warrior of his tribe, so his actions might be expected to be more violent than other members, but his are especially brutal. He often beats his male children if they show signs of weakness or are emotional. He says
The novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe discusses the rise of an Igbo chieftain who came from great poverty to power and the eventual loss of Igbo traditions, rites, and the influence of his clan through his eyes due to western imperialism and colonialism. The intended audience for this novel is very broad, but if we tried to define it would primarily be people who have not experienced the Igbo culture and westerners or people who speak English. In this essay I will be focusing on the last six chapters: chapters 20 to 25. These chapters highlight the loss of power and customs of the Igbo people who have succumb to colonial rule. I fell Achebe is rhetorically effective and
Since Okonkwo stood out more than all the other men he was seen as Umuofia's most powerful man. Although Okonkwo is the most powerful man in Umuofia he also has weaknesses. One of those weaknesses is his father, he doesn’t wanna be a weak man and careless like his father. As the white missionaries moved in into their home land, the Igbo people who are unsure of how to react to these traditions either switched to their ways or stayed faithful to their faith. Many people became persuaded of the new religions authorities, however Okonkwo who is an warrior at heart refuses to accept the changes that were taking place in his community.
This is an example of the difference in personal beliefs among family. Some may say that the book is about the differences in beliefs between the Africans and the colonizers, but it is more than that. It is clear that it was Okonkwo's personal beliefs and not necessarily the views of the people of Umuofia which guided him in what he did. One of these is his reliance in the strength of anger. Although he felt strongly in the beliefs and customs of the Ibo people, there are several occasions in which Okonkwo made a decision to disobey the customs in order to live out his own personal beliefs. For example, in chapter four, Okonkwo is yelled at by Ezeani, the priest of the earth goddess, for beating his wife during the sacred week of peace. Okonkwo did not feel remorse for his actions and probably thought of it as a sign of strength and manhood. Okonkwo was always worried about being seen as weak. One good
European Imperialism in Africa had one real driving force behind it, racism. After 300 years of Europeans cashing in on Africa’s coasts, the explorers finally ventured inward, wreaking havoc on the continent’s environment and inhabitants, not giving a second thought to the people whose lives they ruined. This is made clear though the British’s new industry they built their and the economy formed atop it poorly affected the people they took advantage of and the moral obligations they had but did not follow.
Okonkwo thinks he is the owner of his household and he shows no mercy to anyone who angers him. “He ruled his household with a heavy hand. His wives…lived in perpetual fear of his fiery temper, and so did his little children. Perhaps down in his heart Okonkwo was not a cruel man. But his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and weakness.” (Achebe, Chapter 2, p.8). Okonkwo beats his children and wives because of his temper which is influenced by the Igbo society; he puts on a hard exterior because he is afraid of being weak and unsuccessful. At one point, he attempts to kill his second wife with a gun because he thinks she is the cause of a tree’s death. In order to prove his power and strength, without thinking of the consequences, Okonkwo beats his youngest wife during the week of peace - a week when the village celebrates peace and who ever disrupts the peace will be punished by Ala, the earth goddess (Lycos, online). “His first two wives ran out in great alarm pleading with him that it was the sacred week. But Okonkwo was not the man to stop beating somebody half-way through, not even for the fear of a goddess.” (Achebe, Chapter 4, p.21). Okonkwo lives in a male dominant society where men are pressured to be strong and successful; because of these influences, Okonkwo develops an inner
It was not uncommen in the igbo society for husbands to beat their wives, but beating your wife during peace week was unthinkable. "(Achebe 29) In his anger he had forgotten that it was the Week of Peace, but Okonkwo was not the man to stop beating somebody half-way through, not even for fear of a goddess." Okwonkwo was so fixiated on showing his wife a lesson that he put his whole can in trouble. in their culture they believe that if they beat some one during the Week of Peace then they will anger the earth goddess, and she will keep the yams from growing. He broke one of their most sacred rules just to teach a lesson. Aside from beating his children and his wives Okwonko is a murderer. "Okonkwo drew his machete and cut him dow. He was afraid of being thought weak." (Achebe 61) In order to look strong Okonkwo did things that a hear never would have done.
Beginning in 1880, there was a growing desire for European countries to expand and control their rule. The only continent at that time that was left uncontrolled and, in the European's eyes uncivilized, was Africa. This was the start of Western Imperialism. All European countries wanted their piece of Africa and to get it, they would let nothing stand in their way. They would change the entire government, religion, market, and behavior of most of the African nation and affect almost every person living there. An account of the impact of Imperialism is given in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart. This book shows the changes that occurred in Africa during Imperialism and its affect on the community and the people
In the Western part of Africa there is one dominant religious group in Nigeria that surpasses the rest. They have had much success in politics, economics, an above all have had better education levels than any other West African group. This astounding group is known as The Igbo. During British colonial times Christianity was enforced into the Igbo way of life, this changed some Igbo to believe that what the Christian missionaries were saying is true and that the Christian faith was the way to go. Through commercial trading Islam spread into Igboland, and this led to more Igbo people leaving the Igbo way of life for another, whether it be Islam or Christianity which divide the country in two. In the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe British colonialism and the migration of Muslims to Nigeria led to the change in the faith, social and economic changes in the Igbo society.
In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe there are many examples of the clash between cultures, that occurred as a consequence of European colonialism in Nigeria and the continent of Africa. The novel takes place in the 1890’s during the period when European colonialism was being introduced into the region. During this time, an entire culture and people quite literally fall apart because of its contact with white European missionaries and colonialists. Okonkwo is the main character in Things Fall Apart. It is through Okonkwo’s ideas and culture that the reader can see the differences in the Umuofia clan, and the white European missionaries and colonialists.
Throughout history, specifically African heritage, wife beating and other forms of abuse are acceptable. Power and strength are pillars of African culture and can not be jeopardized by women and femininity. Many of the men in Umuofia, the main setting of Things Fall Apart, look up to Okonkwo and his actions. In order to demonstrate his strength (or lack thereof), he continually berates his wives. Along with his wives, he also abuses his children hoping that someday they will be as successful as him. Throughout Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo victimizes his family.
In addition to the physical conflict, the concept of Eurocentrism made its way into the ending with the title of the Commissioner’s thoughts: “He had chosen the title of the book, after much thought: The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger” (Achebe 208). This book summarizes the viewing of African people as primitive savages by Europeans; with this viewpoint however, the Europeans were making presumptions about who the Africans were and as a result were missing out on a very complex and interesting
Western cultural imperialism in Africa was one of the greatest events in African history. British colonists, referred to in the novel “Things Fall Apart” as the white men, felt morally obligated to go to Africa and civilize the African community because of the concept of the white man’s burden. At the time of the novel, England had a viceroyalty government. The queen of England sent a missionary, Mr. Brown, along with other white men to civilize the African clan that was made up of nine villages. In “Things Fall Apart” Chinua Achebe shows how Western cultural imperialism was able to penetrate the African community by showing the African people the better sides of Christianity, gaining an understanding of the African culture, forcibly taking away the their power, then stripping them of their cultural identity.
This paper reflects the novel “Things Fall Apart” written by Chinua Achebe in 1958. Achebe gives an overview of pre-colonialism and post-colonialism on Igbo, detailing how local traditions and cultural practices can “fall apart” in some scenarios through some introduced, externally created hassles elevated because of colonization. The protagonist named Okonkwo mentioned in the story is a proof showing the lifestyle of the tribe. My main objective and focus is to lay emphasis on Africa specifically the Igbo society, before and after the arrival of the Europeans in Umuofia community; the results of their arrival concerning Igbo culture, thus leading to the clash of cultures between the two categories. I will also draw on post-colonialism with respect to globalization.
Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe was wrote in 1958 as a response to European Literature viewing Africans as savages who were then enlightened and found peace and safety by the Europeans. Chinua describes the Igbo people and showed the culture and showing the way of life of the Igbo people. This book shows this powerful and eye opening look into the complex society of these tribes and villages and how law and order is run. The major theme that is I will focus is that traditional development of the Igbo tribe alone and with the influence of the Europeans.
In my reading of Things Fall Apart, it has better informed me of a culture that I did not know of before, and by reading it helped correct some broad misconceptions that I previously held of the people and their cultures of Africa. Reading the novel also gave me another perspective on the effects of imperialism/colonialism by the Europeans on the Africans. I believe Achebe has succeeded in enabling the West an opportunity to have them "listen to the weak" (Achebe interview), but whether or not Western society decides to listen will come down to the individual within the society--if they do choose to listen to the call of the "weak." In this essay I will share