It is important to understand past anthropological study of marine affairs in order to contextualize the progression and evolution of the dominant modes of thinking. Anthropological study of fisheries and fisherman has changed over the past half-century. From the late 1970s until the turn of the century, the focus of writing and observation was mostly centered on overfishing and exploitation of marine resources, limited to the visible effects of human interaction with the ocean (Moore 2012: 673)
Introduction/overview This review of current literature attempts to provide the context for the upcoming research and findings. Ecosystem services and Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) will be discussed. The definitions, current methods, benefits, limitations, and challenges will be discussed. The literature review will discuss the unresolved issues or current challenges. This literature review will…discuss scope and limitations. Ecosystem services Ecosystem services are defined as the benefits
to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.” Targets 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5 and 14.a, aim to improve the health and sustainability of marine ecosystems by a specified date, and avoid adverse impacts to the environment by addressing specific kinds of marine pollution. These are measurable in so far that it is scientifically possible to quantify nutrient pollution, ocean acidity, marine debris, biodiversity etc., across space and time, as
fully well goes to explain the effect which this population have on the coastal area and the coastal resources (Segal 1997). Generally, coastal population exerts enormous pressure on the marine environment and its resources due to seeking out a livelihood, it is also documented that a considerable percentage of the economy comes from the activities, occupations, and livelihood that really either directly or indirectly on marine resources and several other factors that are present there(Small, Gornitz
Marine fisheries make up some of the largest ecosystems/habitats that span from the coastal regions all the way through the various oceans of the globe. In addition, the habitats and ecosystems of marine fisheries contain some of the most diverse groups of organisms worldwide just because of the sheer amount of the planet’s surface that the oceans cover. Although the range and diversity of marine fisheries are vast, they are declining at increasing rates. There are many factors that have led to this
How the Australian Great Barrier Reef Succeeds at Preservation and Sustainable Use and How it Applies to a Worldwide Problem Coral bleaching is a somewhat recent phenomenon that has prompted many communities and countries around the world to enact policies and legislation that deal with their dying coral reefs. In early 1998, a mass coral bleaching event took place on the Australian Great Barrier Reef, and broad scale aerial surveys confirmed that most of the inland reefs had experienced at
14.1 by 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, particularly from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution 14.2 by 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration, to achieve healthy and productive oceans 14.3 minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific
Mariah Inghram POLS 4335 April 14, 2016 Coral Reef Degradation Coral reefs are diverse marine ecosystems that provide habitats to a wide range of organisms (Mulhall 2009). Today, they are faced with the largest threat to their existence since the 200-300 million years ago in which they first emerged on Earth (Mulhall 2009). Since coral ecosystems are in rapid decline, sustaining these ecosystems is becoming a viable goal for both national and international organizations as an increasing number
‘Challenges to biodiversity conservation and associated ecosystem functions’ Word Count: 2,821 1. Introduction As defined by the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) biodiversity is “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and ecological complexes of which they are not part, diversity within species and of ecosystems” (IUCN, 2000). The continued growth of human populations and per capita consumption have resulted
ECOSYSTEM BASED MANAGEMENT October 27, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Six Key Aspects of Ecosystem Based Management……………………………………3 Integration of ecological, social, and economic goals and recognition of humans as key components of the ecosystem………………………………………………………..............3 Consideration of Ecological Not Just Political- Boundaries………………………………5 Accounting for the Complexity of Natural Processes and Social Systems and Using an Adaptive Management Approach in the