The Current Status of 3g and the Future of 4g Essay

Ans. The 3G UMTS systems have two logical entities – the Node-B (the radio base station) and the Radio Network Controller (RNC) while the 4G LTE systems have only one logical node – the evolved Node-B (eNode-B).

In present, 4G is applying with IMT-Advanced and bring more convenience to people. The evolution of mobile phone infrastructure is developing at an incredible rate. No one can accurately predict the trend of its

The telecommunication industry that AT&T essentially created has undergone radical advancements, particularly within the last decade. According to the IBM Institute for Business Value, approximately 15% of the world’s population had access to a telephone in 1999 but by 2009, 70% of the world’s population had mobile phone subscriptions (Nelson & van den Dam, 2010). Given the extraordinary explosion of mobile computing and wireless communications, continued advancements within the global telecommunication industry are certain. A number of trends drive this evolution including the advancement of devices and network access technology, changes

As technology evolves, scientists and entrepreneur create designs to distinguish the old from the new. In the world of mobile phones, the earliest cellular systems and phones were called 1G, meaning “first generation.” The next generation wasn’t too much of an improvement in the long run, but it was a new tool back when 1G was the new thing, now a new thing now today it’s called second generation, or 2G, to distinguish them from the earlier analog (1G) phones. While 2G phones were able to receive both digital and analog signals, earlier 1G phones were restricted to the analog networks. The increasing demands placed on mobile telephones to handle even more data than 3G could lead to the development of 4G technology. In 2008 the ITU set forward a list of requirements for what it called IMT-Advanced, or 4G. These requirements included data rates of 1 gigabit per second for a stationary user and 100 megabits per second for a moving user. This is where our generation are today while major corporation are working on the new generation, fifth generation, at least that is what the public assumes what it will be called. Its rumored to be able to include data rates of 1 gigabit per second while moving and 10 Gigabits when stationary.

Men of African Descendant played a lot of roles in the conquest. People of African first arrived in Peru when the Spanish conquest was going on. Spanish colonists imported Africans in large groups throughout the colonial period. They used men for military purposes. They had to build forts and other things for defense.

A large problem with LTE and all wireless technology is their limitations when it comes to bandwidth. There can only be so much information flowing through the air at any given time, and with mobile network saturation on the rise, mobile operator are scrambling to get things running smoothly. Mobile operators have gone so far as to limit the amount of usage people can incur, charging them a set amount of money, and overcharging at that. If a user or family goes over the amount in which they subscribed to, they are charged outrageous overage fees. Mobile networks are also limited by building and object penetration, meaning when you walk into a building with thicker walls, there is a chance that you may not receive a signal. Geographical constraints also affect both mobile and fixed services, by making it almost impossible to provide an area with service, either because lines are unable to be ran, or the foliage and landscape block wireless transmissions.

In 2009 Apple released the iPhone 3GS. The 3GS does everything faster the than iPhone 3G. Other upgrades include 3-megapixel built-in camera, longer battery life, Multimedia Messaging Support (MMS), cut, copy and paste functionality, and turn-by-turn GPS. Summer of 2010 witnessed the release of the iPhone 4. Apple once again delivered an attractive device that continues an impressive legacy of product innovation. Faster processing, FaceTime video calling, multitasking, high definition video capturing (720p), and editing are all noteworthy improvements separating itself from competition. (www.infoworld.com, 2011)

Since the introduction of the first mobile phone in 1924, there has been a steady climb in developing and enhancing, the mobile phone and its supporting technologies. The cellular network infrastructures as well as service providers have been hard at work; in making sure they are providing the best service as well as devices. The infrastructure alone

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is 4G wireless communications standard radio platform technologies that allow operators to achieve higher peak throughputs than HSPA+ in higher spectrum bandwidth. LTE was developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and this began in 2004, with an official LTE work item started in 2006 and a completed 3GPP Release 8 specification in March 2009. Initial deployments of LTE began in late 2009, and it is part of the GSM evolutionary path for mobile broadband, following EDGE, UMTS, HSPA (HSDPA and HSUPA combined) and HSPA Evolution (HSPA+). Although HSPA and its evolution are strongly positioned to be the dominant mobile data technology for the next decade, the 3GPP family of standards must evolve toward the future. HSPA+ will provide the stepping-stone to LTE for many operators.

In Europe, mass market commercial 3G services were introduced starting in March 2003 by 3 (Part of Hutchison Whampoa) in the UK and Italy. The European Union Council suggested that the 3G operators should cover 80% of the European national populations by the end of 2005.

They released the worlds first 4G phone,the Evo 4G.The phone is one of the most powerful phone in the world today and its planning to capture the market by being ready for 4G out of the box.

A company can improve its revenue and profits through high speed internet connection available with the help of 4G technology.

The iPhone 4 was the first to be released in a version for CDMA networks, ending AT&T’s period as the exclusive carrier of iPhone products in the US. About 6 months after its release, Verizon Wireless announced that it too would begin selling a CDMA iPhone 4 in the US and that it would include a personal hotspot feature.

Today we are in Fourth Generation; it is categorized based on its characteristic services and features like transmission signals, data transmission rate, bandwidth frequency and nature of the services provided. First generation (1G) is introduced in 1980, so each generation had been comes at the end of every decade. First generation used analog signals, circuit switching and FDMA with 30 kHz channels occupying the 824MHz 894MHz frequency band .First generation supports only voice transmission .The data was not reliable; there were interrupted communication and few other problems in First Generation [1]. Second Generation (2G) technology was established in 1990, which used digital signals for transmission and two digital modulation schemes TDMA and CDMA with circuit switched network . Second Generation uses the existing radio spectrum to provide the services. It was developed to overcome the previous generation’s drawbacks, and to have data and voice transmission. But this generation also has few drawbacks like

While much of the world is connecting their personal devices to fast data sharing 4G mobile networks, on other hand industry pioneers are shaping next generation networks to feed the world’s increasing