The Development Of The Pair Bond

When one looks at romantic love, one would conclude that it is a social dyad that brings about certain responsibilities between two people in a relationship such as honesty, protection, openness and expressions of love. (William, 2008: 76). Contrasting with

Mary Anne Fitzpatrick is the developer of the three original types of marriage. The three types include; Traditional marriage, Independent marriage, and Separate Marriage. When she was studying, she noticed that not every couple was the same, and that age played a factor in it as well when it came to categorizing couples in what type of marriage they are. “Couples can be differentiated on the basis of their “independence,” the extent to which they share their feelings with one another. Some couples are highly interdependent, depending on their partners for comfort, expressions of love, and fun. Other couples are more reserved and do not depend on their partners for emotional sharing and support,”(345). This shows Fitzpatrick’s theory of different types of marriage is true and each couple is different form another and that they should be put into different categories and not just one.

The human idea of love is quite possibly the most misunderstood in today’s society. Love can be between a man and woman, mother/father and their kids, or even really good friends. However, these relationships of love go through many interactions and stages to start and progress. Many psychological events must occur and be worked through in order to be successful. All relationships must endure the five perspectives of human behavior. These perspectives are biological, learning, social and cultural, cognitive, and psychodynamic influences.

When discussing female long-term mating strategies, it has been identified that there are certain preferences in which a female desire from a mate (Buss, 2008). Preferences include, a preference for economic resources, a preference for industriousness and ambition, a preference for a good physical appearance and health, and also a preference for dependability and stability. Females prefer someone they can invest in and someone that is willing to invest in them also. And they also desire a mate that can physically protect them and their children and that is both healthy and displays compatibility. There are preconditions as too why these preferences have evolved, such as the idea that resources have been made more defensible and accruable and are more controlled by men, and the idea that men would have to be different between each other in their willingness to somewhat invest their resources in both women and their children. Belsky et al (1991) discovered that some men would rather invest in many women rather than one women and their children as this would mean them

But it’s no less an animal instinct that leads us to marry (species that benefit from monogamy tend to practice it); to organize a neighborhood cleanup campaign (rare and doomed is the creature that fouls its nest); to improvise and enforce morality (many primates socialize their young to be cooperative and ostracize adults who won’t share food)” (9). Based on her opinion, what human is doing has no difference from what animals are doing, except that human prefers to do those things in a more complicated way. For example, people tend to claim that marriage is a result of love and love is a unique property of human. They spent most of their life pursuing love. However, from another point of view, marriage is just an animal instinct whose purpose is to make the community extend. Therefore, Kingsolver argues that most human activities could be explained as animal instincts and human should admit they are actually animal. “Possibly we will have the sense to begin a new century by renewing our membership in the Animal Kingdom” (Kingsolver

With the research study of John Gottman (1954), he observed 2000 couples. He indicated that “marital success at least five to one ratio of positive to negative interactions.” While with stable marriages, more than five times of instances were couples of “smiling, touching, complimenting, and laughing, then of sarcasm, criticism, and insults.” Gottman conducted that don’t look at how in love a couple is, look at the one’s that “refrain” from putting down their other

Established with Adam and Eve, still surviving, marriage is the oldest institution known. Often the climax of most romantic movies and stories, whether it may be ‘Pride and Prejudice’ or ‘Dil Wale Dulhaniya Ley Jaein Gey’, marriage has a universal appeal. It continues to be the most intimate social network, providing the strongest and most frequent opportunity for social and emotional support. Though, over the years, marriage appears to be tarnished with high divorce rates, discontentment and infidelity, it is still a principal source of happiness in the lives of respective partners. Although marriage is perceived as a deeply flawed institution serving more the needs of the society than those of the individuals, nevertheless, marriage is

For instance, the social dynamics of the Chinese culture are deeply connected to several long-standing traditions that form its basis. The major traditions in this category include Confucian ideology and ancestor worship. From this particular perspective, continuity of family lineage and filial piety are imperative. As such, marriage, as the ultimate goal for intimate relationships is necessary especially for males. This is reflected in the cultural trait identified as ‘Xiao’ which fundamentally denotes filial piety. This tradition obligates children to devote their lives to their parents and family without question. This is especially emphasized for male children who must take care of their parents especially in old age (Chang, 2010). This however creates potential conflict between sons and their parents whereby they must overcome immense pressure in negotiating identification and selection of suitable wives. Furthermore, China has always been a quintessentially collectivistic culture. As such, social institutions and societal needs are considered more crucial than individual needs and traits. This is a unique quality of mate selection when compared to the practice in individualistic societies where individual needs supersede

Thus, her breeding span is limited (79). In contrast, for males, it is minimal. He simply must produce sperm cells and go through with an act of copulation, in effect, his reproductive capability is limited by the number of females he mates with (Contrary to popular belief, humans are not a monogamous species but a largely monogamous and partly polgynous species) (Gray 79& 83). In addition, males must play the aggressor role in relationships and are more attracted to physical stimuli (Kanin pg. 71). These all require that males recognize love much more quicker then females (Kanin pg. 71).

Since the start of human civilization, the creation of social norms has continuously laid the foundation of what behaviors are acceptable and what behaviors are not. These norms are what society as a whole looks to for guidance on how to act and live their lives. Although these normalities are often seen as positive, and while they do help carry society and it’s people, they also can have negative effects by creating unneeded pressures and tensions within relationships. Relationships being romantic, friendly, or family like. Social norms play the most influencing role in people's lives not matter if they are healthy or beneficial, they still shape and mold human civilization and its people.

As the age old saying goes, “Men Are from Mars, Women are from Venus”. The conflicting views of men and women have been questioned for centuries, noting how men and women differ in emotion, affection, and communication.

The ability to create relationships based solely on mutual understandings and shared common interests have fed the social

The first few chapters discuss in depth both the general rules for mate selection and the differences in mate selection and varying preferences for male and female genders. As explained in the intro the author theorizes that the current behavior of humans in relation to mating behavior can be linked to our evolutionary past. He references Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution and his idea of natural selection, which is the the process through which organisms adapt to their environment and in doing so tend to

Our innate tendencies affect out behavior patterns in the life cycle. From love, sex, and marriage and the change from societies to past and future times. The discoveries of why we have mating traits and how they are used in many meanings such as a smile or the way a person speaks with their body. The forces of culture and environment take part in human involvement in the world. While men and women start to change roles and rights are broaden in a marriage. Along comes divorce in which happens so often in societies because of many reasons. What we have inherited is from out ancestors and it repeats itself in every life cycle. The expedition of the book Anatomy of Love goes through the past to future on love, sex, marriage, and divorce and how it relates to modern societies.

Today, the idea of marriage conjures images of bashful brides beautifully draped in all white, of grandiose flower arrangements climbing towards the ceiling, of romance personified. As an institution in this modern world, marriage represents the apex of romantic love, with an entire industry of magazines, movies, and television shows devoted to perpetuating marriage as an idealized symbol of the ultimate love between two people. Contrarily, as a sociological institution, marriage comes from much more clinical and impersonal origins, contrasting with the passion surrounding modern understandings of the institution. Notably, french anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss theorizes that the institution of marriage emerged from a need to form alliances between groups, with women functioning as the property exchanged so that such alliances could be solidified (Levi-Strauss).