Introduction
The education issue of children with disability has become an integral part of the global discourse. It is stated as one of the Sustainable Development Goals as well as the Incheon Declaration by the UN in 2015 (Singal, 2016). Sadly, the community of children with disability is still excluded from equal education (Singal, 2016). It is mentioned in a report by Plan International (2013) that children with disabilities were 10 times less likely to attend school than children without disabilities. Among all the countries with this issue, India is a special case: the enrollment rate of children with disability has rose rapidly while the quality of education is still concerning.
Background information of India
According to Indian
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This situation even exists in states with above average education indications and high overall enrollments. In Kerala, the out of school rate of children with disability is 27%, while the average illiteracy rate is 6.09% and in Tamil Nadu the number is 33% (Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, 2011).
In fact, ever since the independence from the British Raj in 1947, the Government of India has conducted a serious of action to provide education to children with disability. However, the effectiveness of these initiatives is doubted (Sharama & Das, 2015).
In this paper, the definition and measurement of disability in India will be introduced, the different initiatives the government of India has put in effort will be introduced in a chronological sequence, and the reasons of the existence of education inequality faced by children with disability will be explored. All information will be used as a background of further discussing on the effectiveness of existing policies.
Definition of Disability in India
According to the Social Statistics Division, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation Government of India (2016), disability is considered as a result of the interaction between individuals and their environment. Hence, people with similar health situation may have different disability. However, when it comes to measuring disability in practice, it is based on
Throughout the ages, people with disabilities have been hidden away at homes or institutions and were often not educated. This was common practice and as such, when the education system was designed, children with disabilities were not even considered. Then, starting soon after the civil rights movement in the 50’s, a series of lawsuits was brought against school boards and the federal government took notice. Then the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 was passed and these children were finally allowed the education they deserved. As time went
article talks about disabled children and policies that are made for them. In USA and Canada, Civil Rights Laws are extended to children. In Canada, these laws have been implemented for over 25 years, where children with disabilities are integrated into the society, particularly in the educational setting. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom gives disabled children's rights, while the US’ Individuals with Disabilities Education Act give them rights. According to these laws, children should be able to attend the same schools, that they would have if they were normal. Thos schools that don’t have special education programs are required to purchase these programs from other schools. The main objective of this study is to find out how the disable
A child’s early years of life could be said to be one of the most physiological, psychological and emotional susceptible stages of their development. It is at this stage that the effects of poverty on issues such as, health, social well-being, education, family life and housing conditions have an ever-lasting influence on the child. “Problems during childhood cast long shadows into adulthood” (Acheson 1999 p.34). The author will throughout the assignment touch on these issues, but in his estimation the effect these issues and particularly education, have on children with disabilities especially learning disabilities are the most under researched and under published and for this reason he will develop this initiative.
Education – People with disabilities should not be excluded from the general education system on the basis on disability.
I used to cry when my father took me there. I didn’t feel like I was like the other children” (Human Rights Watch). Balkumari is a young woman with a physical disability that makes her have a difficult time walking. Her father did not let her attend school until she was 11 years old. She did not like the school because she felt that she did not belong there. This is because the kids in her school felt uncomfortable around her, which probably led them to turn away from her and make her feel like she did not belong there. The kids were not around her enough to get to know her personally, instead of knowing her for her disability. Looking at this story, it shows that we need to integrate disabled and nondisabled students together, so they can get to know each other and get to know their personalities, instead of looking at them for the tasks that they are limited to doing. Overall, it is clear to see that the third reason not enough is being done for disabled children to be accepted by nondisabled children is because disabled and non-disabled kids still do not feel comfortable talking to one another because they are not around each other
The exclusion of any child makes a strong case for questioning and addressing a need for change in any education systems. All three countries have different and unique needs. However, many of the issues they need to address are similar. Promoting social change through improving the access to equitable education is the only way we can reduce the social inequalities and injustices throughout the world. All three countries need to; improve their process of identifying children with special needs, raise awareness and acceptance, improve inclusion practices and provide the needed resources to ensure an equitable inclusive education. When developing their programs, they all need to consider multiple teaching approaches and provide proper
According to the World Report on Disability, almost one billion people in the world are living with a disability. Almost 80% of these individuals live in developing countries. In other countries, these individuals often face more problems than the individuals in the United States. These children experience multiple forms of discrimination that include their disability and their gender. Girls, especially, are often discriminated even more because of their gender because of the cultural barriers they experience. The Global Partnership for Education ensures that these students get the best education and accessibility during school. This is even harder in developing countries since they are not able to build the right infrastructure or have the right resources to provide these individuals with the best resources. However, there are many policies that are being implemented to ensure that this discrimination and unsafe environments are
The idea of children with disabilities, whether they be mild or severe has been a very controversial and misunderstood topic. In the past inclusion has brought about huge changes for not only the students, but also the parents and families of these children, and staff at schools. Teachers and education professionals were the first to really feel the wrath and intimidation of this dramatic shift in education. There were several different factors that were coming about that made it very difficult for schools and teachers, the unorganized mandates were strict and didn’t allow much time for change. “President Gerald Ford signed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) into law in 1975. Since the original passage of the EAHCA, the law has been amended four times and renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)” (Conroy, Yell, Katsiyannis, & Collins, 2010, para.1).
Therefore, schools tend to put children with disabilities in the same classroom and have them learn the same material at the same pace. That resulted in children with disabilities to not succeed. A supreme court decision was made that all schools must provide private one on one schooling to such children with disabilities. Since 1975, great strides have been made in improving educational opportunities. The great strides can be attributed to the Education for All Handicapped Children Act which is now called Individuals with Disabilities Act.
The importance of education for all children, especially for those with disability and with limited social and economic opportunities, is indisputable. Indeed, the special education system allowed children with disability increased access to public education. Apart from that, the special education system has provided for them an effective framework for their education, and for the institutions involved to identify children with disability sooner. In turn, this promotes greater inclusion of children with disability alongside their nondisabled peers. In spite of these advances however, many obstacles remain, including delays in providing services for children with disability, as well as regulatory and
In most developing countries there is little relevant data to identify the number of children with special needs (Sheilah, 2011; GPE, 2013; WHO, 2011). There are also no effective policies to address their needs and to provide them access to a quality education (GPE; WHO). Even when such policies are in place, appropriate financing is lacking to build accessible facilities, train teachers in inclusive education, or scale up successful local pilot programs on the national level (Weintraub, 2005).
Reading through the prompt at first I felt flustered because I did not know what country to pick. But through some research and investigation I’ve concluded that for this paper India would be a great candidate, what specifically interested me was the fact that India is much different compared too many other countries, they are a wealthy country and have many different cultural views compared to others. The main topics I am going to talk about throughout this paper are the ideas of discrimination and employment problems people with disabilities in India face. The definition of discrimination is the unfair or prejudicial treatment of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. The reason I felt these two topics were important is because they go hand in hand; you can be easily discriminated against while trying to find a job based on skin color, gender, etc. First, I will discuss the problem with discrimination and women in India. Secondly, I will go over employment how it affects people with disabilities
The government of Bangladesh have endorsed numerous legislation and policies to ensure quality to those children with special educational needs and disability. Few of the policies include; Education Policy (2000) and (2010) this policy expressed that to enable equity for special need children, the schools need to provide facilities to support them, Persons with Disability Welfare Act (2001) and many more. However, although having such policies,
This proves to be a worthwhile endeavour that is both significant and essential to learners in this 21st century. This is a momentous time especially in light of the fact that Trinidad and Tobago like many other countries before it, has embarked on an educational venture that will facilitate students with disabilities being educated alongside their age and grade level non-disabled counterparts.
Government of India through Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is lending its support. It has set up National Institute for the Mentally Challenged in Secunderabad. It has also been supporting the organizations/NGOs which are active in this area through ‘Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme’ to promote Voluntary Action for persons with Disabilities. The scheme in order to facilitate delivery of various services to persons with disabilities by voluntary