Effect of Education on Life Expectancy Secondary education enrolment rate is considered a key determinant of life expectancy (Appiah and McMahon, 2002). Table 1.2 shows that male and female life expectancy at birth and at specific ages is consistently positively related with enrolment at different educational levels. Enrolments at the elementary and the secondary stages are statistically significant at 0.01 level and also for the combined enrolments for the age groups of 6-18 years. This finding is consistent with studies by Cochrane et al., 1980 and Grossman and Kaestner, 1997 who after controlling for income find that those with more education live longer. The study of Frank and Mustard (1994) also reports that education enables …show more content…
*: Significant at 1 per cent level. **: Significant at 1 per cent level. As expected, LEXP and IMR are showing negative association and are statistically significant in all regression equations. Infant mortality is important to longevity. Education influences life expectancy mostly through this channel. In other words, education reduces infant mortality that in turn influences longevity favourably. Effect of Education on Fertility Rate Table 135 contains the regression coefficients for educational progress of female and total fertility rate on the basis of 17 years time series data. The indicators of enrolment growth for different age groups and education levels are inversely related with fertility rates. All the relations are statistically significant at 0.01 level. It shows that increased female education at all the stages (i.e. primary, elementary, secondary and
doctor, then what are they to do? They can not just sit at home and
Health status improves at each step up the income and social hierarchy. High income determines living conditions such as safe housing and ability to buy sufficient good food. The healthiest populations are those in societies which are prosperous and have an equitable distribution of wealth.
Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the claim that gender differences in educational achievement are primarily the 'result of changes in society'
Going back forty-five years is not an easy task to complete because I can’t remember some of the finer details of my childhood. I know I was born on a hot August afternoon in Birth Year at Place Of Birth in City ands State. My mother was just twenty-two at the time and was already the mother of two, I was her third child. My father was twenty-one and already a workaholic, I know because my mother would constantly remind me not to be like that. My mother and father were good parents and they tried to give us the best upbringing they could. My father was the kind of person that believed he should provide and protect his family, and he did a very good job of doing that.
Education is an important social determinant of health because it affects many other determinants. Generally, people with worst health status have low education levels. Furthermore, people with low levels of education are more likely to have lifestyles which can lead to a chronic illness. Education empowers people with skills to
People were less likely to face poor retirement if they worked in managerial or professional jobs than someone who worked in unskilled or manual occupations. This is because the people who worked in manual would have earned lower wages and would not be as likely to get a private pension. Men that are in the professional classes have a life expectancy of 80 years from birth. However men from unskilled or manual classes have a life expectancy of 78.1 years. This also effects woman’s life expectancy as woman from professional classes have a life expectancy of 85.1 compared to those who are in the unskilled or manual classes and their life expectancy if 78.1 years. Causes of death also vary from different social classes. In the higher social classes it is less likely to suffer from, lung cancer, coronary heart disease, stokes and respiratory diseases. All of these increase within social disadvantages.
There has always been a link between social class and health, even with the welfare state and the improvements made to health in all sections of societies over the years, a difference still remains in this area. This difference is applied to all aspects of health, which include life expectancy, general levels of health and infant mortality. Many people argue that as long as the quality of life is
The correlations between level of education and socioeconomic status, and therefore the general health of an individual, are repeatedly proven to be evident across the globe.
First, there is Jim Taylor, Hospital CEO, District 16; second, Tondra Young, Clinical Lab Supervisor, District 24; lastly, Corey Anderson, Floor Technician, District 21. The population of each district decreases in average income, education level and life expectancy than its preceding district, beginning with district 16, Jim Taylor’s district. District 16 has an average combined household income of approximately $120,000/ annually. In this district, 65% of the population has a college degree and the life expectancy in this district is 82 years. Whereas, Tondra Young’s district, district 24, has an average combined household income of $70,000/annually and 15% of the population has a college degree. The life expectancy of district 24 is 75 years, that’s 7 years less than district 16. In district 21, Corey Anderson’s district, the average combined household income is less than $50,000/ annually and only 5% of the districts population have college degrees. Consequently, the life expectancy of district 21 is 70 years, 5 years less than district 24 and 12 years less than district 16 (Adelman 2008). The results of this study are indisputable: there is an obvious correlation between social/economic status and health status. As each districts average income and education level decrease, average life expectancy coincides. This leads to the next question: why does social and economic status so greatly influence health status?
Something that can be agreed on is the emphasis on education as a means to improve health outcomes. Education is an important factor in the social determinants of health that can improve and empower individuals. Those who are educated showed lower morbidity rates and were more likely to have better health (Picker
In this course I have learned many different theories, the ones that I think are most relevant to my life (autobiography) include; Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Daniel Levinson and Roger Gould.
Women's impact is simply due to the fact that they are now educating themselves. They are now concerned with the improvement
There are several key issues in Lifespan Psychology which are centered on these following factors which are; cultural factors, continuous vs discontinuous change, critical periods vs sensitive periods, lifespan approach vs particular periods approach, nature vs nurture.
Education in the largest sense is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense, education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another. In sociology we have various schools of thoughts or theories and each of these have their own view on the impact of sociology on “life chances”
Mental ability can be defined as having the cognitive ability to acquire and preserve knowledge. The prospect of mental abilities being associated to longevity has been an area of interest for social scientists. Scottish Mental Surveys (SMS) of 1932 and 1947 carried a major research on intelligence-longevity association. This essay will demonstrate how different studies have supported the association using the four mechanisms proposed in the Scottish Mental Surveys: (a) bodily insults, (b) bodily system integrity, (c) predictor of healthy behaviour, and (d) predictor of safer environment. (Deary, Whiteman, Starr, Whalley, & Fox, 2004) Additional research will be applied to analyse the effectiveness of the causal mechanisms for the relationship between intelligence and longevity, and highlight on limitations in research that may falsify the relationship. Finally, the essay will conclude on whether evidence provided from different mechanisms is explicit enough to support the association, and provide suggestions on how the scope of enquiry can be broadened.