The Effect Of The Clearance Thickness Proportion On The Hole Flanging Procedure

The steel industry is something that has been evolving and changing for the past 3 centuries in which the braced metal has been around. As we come into the modern age of mining and metal production we can find that there have been difficulties in the way of our resources are beginning to run low, mining is dangerous, we may not have enough fuel to smelt iron in the next century, and abrasive water cutters are not innovating since their introduction. In the recent wake of these events an unlikely source has been uncovered to help aid these problems and that source is the math and physics of pokemon. Pokemon is a franchise of turn based RPG games in which creatures with many crazy features fight each other for glory. Over the years pokemon has been getting crazy with what these creatures are based on and some designs and descriptions hold the key to remedying these problems with the metal industry. Currently, the metal industry, while strong, has many problems due to the shrinking of natural resources and lack of innovation. the mathematics of pokemon could lead a revolution in steel production because Excadrill design could lead to a more efficient drill, the heat given off by magmortar is enough to create a new smelting and improve process for stronger steel, and the amount of pressure that Blastoise's cannons would be forcing out can make a already good tool even better.

Centre-burst in extrusion is caused by high stress in the metal which is caused by the uneven distribution of force in the cross section while extrusion is being done. It can be prevented by increasing the friction in contact between the die and metal.

Different modeling approaches have been studied for modeling the machining of composites and CMCs, including

A simplified brick geometries with two different types of defect arrangements were considered throughout the modelling study, these are: (i) straight sub-surface slot and (ii) inclined sub-surface defect that has zigzag type profile mainly generated to mimic a real crack, but not necessarily identical. The key-way slots and the methane holes in the graphite brick models have been deliberately omitted to reduce the number of elements on the models and the time required obtaining the solutions. As in the graphite model discussed in section 6, the brick geometry was discretised but in this case into twenty sub-domains each having the thickness approximately 4.63mm. The discretisation of the brick geometry is mainly made to allow a control over the mesh density within each sub-domains independently, such that regions closer to the coils contains more denser mesh compared to those away from the coils. But, initial study of the mesh density in this particular models show that having denser mesh around the coil region show negligible effects in the solution except from increasing the computational cost. For this reason the mesh density was kept constant throughout the brick geometry as shown in figure 8.1 (a) and (b). The slots in the models were created using Transition Boundary Condition (TBD) available within the Magnetic-Feld (MF) solver in COMSOL Multiphysics.

abrasiveness tends to increase as the drillability decreases,” (1991, p. 210). It is important to

PCD tools are similar to bonded diamond grit tools in that they both start with fine diamond particles. However, the PCD method involves forming the particles into a dense sintered material using a binder made from cobalt. These cemented compacts are then brazed into various shapes (for different kinds of cutting tools) and brazed onto solid carbide tool bodies. The PCD tools edge can then be ground down to a finished shape and even reground for tool sharpening purposes. PCD tools are over 50 years old and are prevalent in the aerospace industry for drilling rivet holes into carbon fiber composite materials. The automotive industry also uses these tools for machining of aluminum composites which contain high silicone content (e.g. Al 390). These tools can be expensive, but are often the best option for very high precision cuts and high impact loading [2].

This work was carried out while the author was Associate Professor in the School of Mechanical and Production Engineering at Nanyang Technical University in Singapore.

In this paper, the effect of cryogenic (liquid nitrogen) cooling on grain size and mechanical properties of Friction stir welded (FSWed) 2014 Aluminum alloy was studied. The welding parameters and tool pin profile plays a major role in deciding the weld quality. The threads on the tool profile generates a fairly localized deformation which results high volume of material was stirred and carried with the pin tool and also better mixing of plasticized metal. Cryogenic process (Liquid Nitrogen) was employed after Friction stir welding to reduce the grain size and to improve the mechanical properties of FSWed 2014 Aluminum alloy. It is observed that the grain size is decreased to 250 nm under cryogenic process with the liquid nitrogen by using Transmission electron microscope. It is also observed that mechanical properties are enormously improved. The observed grain size and mechanical properties have been correlated with microstructures and fracture features.

Jet cutting requires a continuous high pressure delivery and this ltmlts the lile 01 the components, since at high pressure~ latlgue lailure of the mechanical components occur~. Huwever, with Impruved materials, fat Igue in the high pre~~ure range IS of less importance

In the present study, the process parameter which affect the surface finish while machining are cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. In order to meet the requirement in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness, the Taguchi parameter design methodology was used. It included the selection of quality characteristics, selection of process parameters, selection of orthogonal array

Materials are an important aspect of engineering design and analysis. The importance of engineering materials can be noted from the fact that historical ages have been named after materials. Materials Science forms the basic foundation for engineers in product development because the structures, components, and devices that design are limited by the properties of the materials. In the customer driven competitive business environment, the product quality is of paramount importance [1]. The product or end application quality has been found to be influenced by the engineering design, type of materials selected and the processing technology employed. Therefore, the importance of engineering materials and their process techniques are art of today’s engineering world.

II YEAR C II SEMESTER 4 1 Kinematics of Machinery 4 2 Thermal Engineering -I 4 4 4 4 2 2 28 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Production Technology Mechanics of Solids Metallurgy & Materials Science Machine Drawing Mechanics of Solids & Metallurgy lab Production Technology Lab English

Introduction: It has been well established that drilling of FRP’s lead to drilling induced damage thus reducing component’s life and reliability. Thrust force induced in drilling of FRPs is one of the major reasons for drilling induced damage [1]. Several studies have been made worldwide to critically review the delamination induced in drilling of FRPs. These research efforts clearly indicate direct relationship of damage induced with thrust force induced during drilling of FRPs [2-6]. Various mechanistic, mathematical and analytical models have been developed based on different reasoning,

It is a process that is used to remove metal through the action of an electrical discharge of short duration and high current density between the tool and the workpiece [18-19]. (EDM) is a non-traditional type of precision processing using an electrical spark-erosion process between the electrode and the working piece of electrically conductive immersed in a dielectric fluid [20]. Since it has more special gains, the (EDM) has been widely applied in modern metal industry for producing complex cavities in moulds and dies, which are difficult to manufacture by conventional machining. The use of (EDM) in the production of forming tools to produce plastics mouldings, die castings, forging dies etc., has

Technologies involved in machining operations have advanced greatly in the recent decades and machines have experienced significant changes such as the incorporation of numerical control. Every year it is possible to observe in fairs, conferences and of course in the market economy, how production capabilities have increased thanks to the development of new concepts, devices, materials, tools, coatings, structures, etc. Accuracy, flexibility and productivity are enhanced constantly with innovative solutions to achieve market demands or even raise them to higher levels. In the end, all these improvements are possible thanks to the generation of knowledge.