The number of children participating in a group care setting has drastically risen over the past decade (U.S Department of Education 2007). In an Early Childhood setting challenging behavior may arise during transitional times (Hemmeter, Ostrosky, Artman & Kinder, 2008). Transitions cause students to stop what they are doing, perform long chain of tasks, and begin a new activity, all without breaking classroom rules (McIntosh, Herman & Sanford, 2004). Dealing with transitions multiple times a day in my own classroom setting has led me to the question: What strategies can teachers employ to decrease transition time and increase the amount of student time on task?
Review of the Literature
In 2004, Yarbrough, Skinner, and Lee investigated the
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If the students’ transitional time exceeded the time on the card, students would not receive a letter for that day. Thus, the dependent variable in this study was the students’ transitional time from the hallway to the classroom; the independent variable was the use of the TGG; and the measure was the duration of each transition. A withdrawal design was used to gauge the game’s effectiveness. During the three-day baseline phase, it took students more than 2.5 min to transition into the classroom each day. After the first intervention phase began, transitional time decreased to an average of 59 s, and no transition exceeded 2 min. (There were still 3 days, however, in which the students did not meet the criteria on the transition card.) The treatment phase ended when students earned their first party, and then the teacher withdrew the TGG. The first day without the TGG showed a minimal increase in transitional time, but the subsequent days showed a return to baseline levels. When the teacher reinstated the game, transitional times reduced again—even to below initial treatment levels (range: 33 – 55 s). A short withdrawal produced a return to 7 baseline levels before the teacher permanently reinstated the TGG.
Buck (1999) conducted a survey of teachers that used music in their classrooms to help students transition. Of the 360 teachers surveyed, Buck found 81 used music during transition times. Some teachers used music as a way to let students
A theory with links to transitions is bowlby's attachment theory. Bowlby's theory says in order for children to become confident emotionally in their later life is by making sure they have a strong and positive relationship with their primary caregiver. His theory has influenced practice by the setting having procedures in order for the child to build a positive relationships with their teacher or key worker within the setting. If a child has a positive relationship within the setting it will help the child to feel more safe and secure with if the setting. The setting could provide the child with a key worker which would ensure that the child's basic needs are being met. In this transition the setting could provide the child with a one to one
Unfortunately, a tense schooling environment and tightened curriculum expectations have led to Michael’s idea being turned away from regular classroom implementation. Michael has, however, received an invitation for his team’s game to be introduced and used in higher end pre-ap courses. On the advice of multiple teachers and administrators, Michael has decided to re-work the product and test it through pre-ap courses before trying to reapply it for regular classrooms.
The transition from Smithville Middle School to Smithville High School is a stressful event and raises emotions, such as: anxiety, fear, and excitement. The more stress a student experiences from numerous changes between buildings the more they are likely to be disengaged, which results in negative discipline behaviors (Ma, 2003). During the 2015/2016 school year, students not transitioning successfully showed one or more of the following characteristics: little or no academic engagement, dropping grades, inappropriate classroom behavior, or inappropriate relationships with other students.
Intellectual transitions include changes such as starting primary school, moving classes, key stages or up to secondary school. Also leaving school and moving on to further education or employment. These can all be very stressful changes for some pupils, others however, may be more than ready for the next big step in their educational lives. Obviously, these transitions are all planned, and known about in advance so parents and teachers are able to discuss any issue, and provide support to nervous children. Our primary school has policies and procedures to make each stage less nerve - wracking for children. In our last half term of the school year each child will be told which class room they are going to be in, with
There are several types of transition children and young people face, including, emotional, physical, physiological, and intellectual that if not correctly handled can have a negative impact on development.
The experiences of a child or young person when dealing with transitions will affect, positively or negatively, his development, and can have an important role in learning the skills to cope with other
Across the United States many elementary school music classrooms are filled with simple and popular tunes such as Hot Cross Buns and The Ode to Joy, played on the recorder, while high school students may be playing collegiate or professional pieces of music such as Armenian Dances and Carmen Suites. I have been very fortunate to have gone on the journey of progressing through different music education programs within Fairfax County Public Schools. If I was never exposed to music while in elementary school I might not have ever found one of my greatest passions or been able to create such fond and unforgettable memories. While music education programs across the country appear large and strong, many schools are beginning to experience budget reductions. As a result, music is often the very first component of a school 's curriculum or programs to be cut or significantly reduced, but I believe this is not the right course of action. It is important to preserve and promote music education in public schools because of the proven cognitive, character,and academic benefits for students.
Transitions are commonly described as different phases of concentrated learning and enhanced development in a social context. (Dunlop et al, 2007). There are three types of transitions, each have a different meaning. Vertical transitions describe a major change in a child’s life, for example, moving from pre-school, to the reception class in a school. Internal transitions occur when a child moves to a different room in a setting, for example, from a toddler room to a pre-school room, or reception to year 1. Horizontal transitions is a much broader term, they occur on a day-to-day basis, for example from their house to nursery, having multiple carers in one day, encountering unfamiliar people and many more. (O’Connor, 2013). “Development is all about transitions: conception to birth, birth to toddlerhood, to pre-schooler, school-age child, to adolescent, adolescent to adult, adult to the final
This paper will discuss music therapy in public schools, music and counselling, and multidisciplinary applications.
Living in a world surrounded by noises and sounds, one cannot deny that music lives all around them. Schools, street corners, sporting events, there is one thing you will always find: music. Music education is quickly becoming defunct in schools, as many try to decry its many benefits. A growing emphasis on the concrete subjects of math and science, whose benefits are more immediate, are pushing the creativity and imagination of music classes to the back of the budget. Music education is no longer described as stimulating and exciting, but rather unnecessary and distracting. But the benefits of having an education in music is undeniable. Simply being around music can have a positive impact on life. Music enables the human race to discover emotions that they have never uncovered before. The human mind is refreshed by music; “our imagination and memories are stimulated by the sounds, and summon feelings and memories associated with the musical sound” (Wingell 15). Without music, the world would be silent. Lifeless. No matter what language one speaks or what culture one is from, music is a universal language, connecting the hearts of people around the entire world. In schools throughout the nation, that connection is being severed because of budget cuts and lack of funding, but the benefits of music education are clear. The benefits of having an education in music are not only present in the classroom; a lasting impact is also left on the social and emotional growth of a person, though the gains may not be evinced immediately. Participating in musical education programs in schools can give students the opportunity to form lasting friendships and to gain skills that will last them their entire lives. Music education can be beneficial to students because it enhances students’ performance in the classroom, aids in improving student’s interest and engagement in school, and advances students’ social and emotional growth.
Sharp et al (2006) named continuity as one of the main focus areas for successful transition, and a there has been a number of suggestions on how this can be done, including: introducing aspects of the Key Stage 1 curriculum into Reception, including the literacy and numeracy hour (Sanders et al, 2005), and introduce further opportunities for learning through play in Key Stage 1 (Orlandi, 2012). It is thought that this will then make the transition a process rather than an event (DCSF, 2008b), as the Department for Education and Skills (2006) found that confidence increases when changes happen gradually. White and Sharp (2007) identified the issue as transition not being recognised as important, as children are already in the school environment, even if there is a shift in
Mrs. Ross has her fourth grade students move their desks together into groups of 2 to do a group activity. She instructs them to pair with anyone they choose. Teresa raises her hand, “I don’t want to pair with Megan again because she doesn’t do any of the work. Can I have someone else?” Megan who is soft-spoken just looks down at the floor as the class waits for the teacher’s response. Mrs. Ross asks Teresa and Megan to come with her outside and instructs the class to carry on with the activity.
Cercone goes into detail on how studies have shown that music classes benefit a child’s learning process, test scores, and other areas of academic study. These support her argument and are all facts that her readers cannot properly disagree with. Cercone discusses how attitude and academics depend on one another to enhance a student’s learning and she goes one step further in explaining how this goes on in the music classroom, strengthening her thesis.
Transition within early years education is a major life event that a child and family go through together. Currently, educational transition is defined as the process of change that children make from one place or phase of education to overtime, Fabian and Dunlop (2002). Starting school is a huge step in a child’s life. For some
Transition in education is a period of change that a child may experience when starting preschool, primary or secondary education. In this essay, the focus will be on issues faced in transition from preschool to primary school.