The Effects of Mindfulness on Emotional Eating
Karly Trovarelli
Seton Hall University
Abstract
Within the variety of research conducted on eating behavior, the idea of mindfulness as a function of emotional eating levels is becoming increasingly prevalent. This paper intends to provide a breadth of studies specific to how mindfulness levels function within the larger scope of eating behavior, with the aim of not only understanding mindfulness in terms of eating by way of previously conducted experiments, but also to come up with a new, important variable to be included in experiments and interventions in the future. Overall, five of the six studies found in this paper show a consistent correlation between higher
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The Effects of Mindfulness on Emotional Eating
When stressed, many people turn to binge or emotional eating as a coping mechanism (Corsica et al. 2014). Uncontrolled eating leads to not only obesity, but an overall lack of general health, both physical and psychological. Study after study suggests evidence for mindfulness as a key determinate in quelling emotional eating (see, for example, Pidgeon et al., 2012). Likewise, a lack of mindfulness will continue to increase emotional or binge eating. Mindfulness is the practice of focusing attention on the experience in the present moment in an accepting manner, without judgment or attachment to the way this experience should or should not be (Kabat-Zinn, 1990). Many researchers have used the practice of mindfulness intervention to focus on its effect on emotional eating. Throughout different experiments, researchers have given similar, yet not entirely the same, definitions of emotional eating. In this work, emotional eating will be defined as disinhibited eating or the tendency to eat in response to emotional cues rather than hunger cues (Kearney et al., 2012). There is a large amount of literature explaining the issues of emotional eating on obesity and more specifically, the effect it has on physical and psychological health. A high risk of emotional eating is prevalent for individuals who already experience stress in their daily life (Talbot et al., 2013). The purpose of this paper
Arbetter, Sandra R. "Eating disorders: emotional foods fights." Current Health 2, a Weekly Reader publication Mar. 1989: 4+. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 29 Feb. 2016.
Psychological factors also play a large role in obesity. Many people eat in response to negative emotions such as sadness, depression and anger. These people are generally binge eaters. During a binge eating episode, a person eats large amounts of food and feel that they cannot control how much they are eating. These people have more difficulty losing weight and keeping it off than others without a binge eating problem. It is common that binge eaters suffer from low self esteem and depression.
What is mindful eating? There is a bundle of ways to describe it but precisely it “…reconnects you with your body’s signals. Whether you are overeating or undereating, you have lost track of your hunger and fullness. Mindful eating plugs you back into your body’s cues so you know when to stop and start eating” (15). This book really opened my eyes and made me more aware that
However, (Kidd, Graor, & Murrock, 2013) proposed a theoretical basis of the self-regulation theory (Schwartz, 1975), which suggests that the regulation of internal physiologic processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, etc., relies upon on the capability to observe internal responses (Schwartz, 1975). The authors noted that emotional eaters might be unable to differentiate between hunger (an internal physiologic process) and automatic, emotion-driven eating, which then leads to overeating and thus contributes to obesity. However, treating the dysfunction of self-regulation may restore balance between emotional and internal physiologic cues, leading to weight regulation (Kidd et al., 2013). Research shows that mindfulness-based interventions have successfully treated disorders of self-regulation, as the psychological and emotional benefits of mindfulness, such as the containment and down-regulation of negative emotional responses (J. J. arch, & Landy, L.N., 2015; J. J. Arch et al., 2016; J. J. Arch & Craske, 2006), may create the space for more positive responses, as evidenced by findings by (J. J. Arch et al., 2016). This study found that their brief mindfulness intervention led to consumption of less calories from unhealthy foods, which was mediated by greater eating enjoyment (Arch et al., 2016). One would think that if the enjoyment of eating were increased through a mindful intervention, one
It has been proven there is often a link between obesity and depression yet it is not sure exactly what that link is. (15) Are people depressed because they are overweight or are they overweight due to their depression? People suffering mood disorders often lack motivation, this may include their motivation to eat well or have a care for their general wellbeing and simply educating or informing them will not help to fix it. People will often use food as a coping mechanism to deal with anxieties or issues in their life. (16). Mood-disorder led over-eating can stem from toxic environments, such as bad eating in the home which isn’t only psychological but intertwines with our environmental factors. Night Eating Syndrome (NES) is a recognized mental disorder by the DSM-IV. NES has been studied and showed participants who suffered from it showed significant amounts of weight gain, or if they were trying to lose weight by dieting throughout the day did not lose weight either.
My primary core belief as it pertains to eating is that I have no self-control. Even when I attempt to eat better my emotions such as stress, sadness, and fear, trigger me
eating. To recognize the risk factors of psychosocial and also environmental factors for health two
The purpose of this article was to study mindfulness based strategies of intervention for the eating habits of those diagnosed with Prader Willi Syndrome.
Current evidence supports the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for improving mental health symptoms and psychological stress that can interfere with efforts to lose weight. Patients with obesity and other CVD risk factors may benefit from mindfulness interventions to address psychosocial stress, depression, and anxiety (Boudreau et al., 2013). Traditional behavioral interventions for weight loss typically focus on diet and exercise habits and often give little attention to the role of stress and emotions in the origin of unhealthy behaviors. Mindfulness-based interventions were developed to promote self-efficacy in coping with negative emotions resulting in lasting changes in long-standing cognitive and emotional habits (Fulwiler,
Mindful eating has a direct relation to health and behavior. My major is Criminal Justice. It would be interesting to find a study that provides comparison and contrast on this subject. When I was younger my parents had no problems letting us eat McDonalds or pizza on a Friday night. As an adult, that has drastically changed for me. I choose not to eat fast food regularly. I love to cook, so finding healthier ways to enjoy a burger or other fast food delicacies has become my hobby.
Eating disorders and stress both fall under the categories of mental and physical health. Each takes an extreme toll on the body and greatly influences the individual’s health in a negative manner. Greg Anderson’s “Law of Present-Moment Living” states that “if you’re taking part in activities and entertaining thoughts that do not support life, that make you wallow in misery and indulge in negative thinking, then, no matter what you may claim to the contrary, you are polluting the moment”
Another concepts wich are central to the MB-EAT program are the concepts of self-acceptance and inner “wisdom” , central aspects of traditional meditation practice. Alexandra will be encouraged to recognize her own internal strengths, and be open to her own understanding and solutions to future life situations, rather than judging herself for crossing self-inflicted norms of weight or behavior, which is typical for eating disorders.(Kristeller, 2011)
Many people today eat when their emotionally such as because the person is bored, sad, anger or even happy. Obesity can be caused by things like stress or depression and can cause a number of different health implications. For example a person that is obese is more likely to have diabetes later in life and also suffer heart problems. Over 30% of today’s population seek treatment for weight problems and this is all caused through binge eating. Binge eating is when someone eats large amount of food while feeling they can’t control how much they are eating, people who seriously binge and a very obese develop a disorder call binge eating disorder. The people with this kind of eating disorder find it difficult to lose weight and also find it difficult to control how much they are eating. Many people may need serious help for example counselling or medication or even operation to
Eating habits are closely associated with our perception of eating. There can be also exogenous factors that affects our eating habits such as getting low mark from the exam or ending of a romantic relationship. Some people tend to be eat more or less depends on these triggering situations. This study will examine the relationship between stress and eating disorder among üniversity students. (They will not be clinically diagnosed) Eating disorders will be measured by using Eating Attitudes Test and stress level will be measured by using Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale. Data will be collected from 100 male and female university students in a campus setting and via e-mail. It is expected that students who have high stress level tend to have disturbed attitude toward eating which may leads to eating disorder. It is not a cause and effect relationship ,but Eating Attitudes Test will reflect students ' tendency to have eating disorder. Also, abnormal eating patterns will be included in this article such as bulimia, binge eating and anorexia.
The reason I choose to write about the effects of unhealthy eating to the body. It is to help people out and give them a better understanding of the danger of this habits that can be produce to the body. But the main reason is because this is something that personally has changed and affected my life. Not only that it’s because it will help me out too and what I learn through this project and my experience can also help someone who is lost. Many share their experiences when they have gone through all the bad and talk about what they did to change their ways. This research gives you a foundation on what unhealthy behaviors do to the body and what diseases it causes. Another thing is that people see the body and mind as two different things I’m here to say that not only is your body but the mind is damage to. The facts that contribute to this is personal struggles i 've had since i can remember. Teenager are the most common to suffer from overweight, like myself, have personally lived the experience