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The Environmental Interaction And Personal Forces

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2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Public - sector employees are often stereotyped as underperformers, lazy and inadequate, so a better understanding of work motivation is important to be made. Little effort has been made to identify how the environmental interaction and personal forces can influence the work motivation of the employees working for the public sector and also, to determine the extent of work motivation differences between the public and the private sector. (Wright, 2001, p. 561).

2.1 DEFINITION OF MOTIVATION
“The term ‘motivation’ can refer variously to the goals individuals have, the ways in which individuals chose their goals and the ways in which others try to change their behavior.” (Armstrong, 2009, p. 317)
Motivating other people is about convincing them to perform certain tasks to achieve a goal. Some could say that motivation can be linked with a goal-directed behavior, as most people are willing to increase their effort in order to attain a goal and be rewarded in a way that will satisfy their needs and desires.
According to Arnold (1991), motivation consists of three components:
• Direction – what a person is trying to do.
• Effort – how hard a person is trying.
• Persistence – how long a person keeps on trying.
Individual motivation is people’s ability to be self- motivated, independently set the right directions, decide the amount of effort that they want to exert and then take a course of actions that will lead them to achieve a goal. Most of the people,

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