The Equine Genetic Disease Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis ( Hypp ) Or Impressive Syndrome?

They are hurting the horse more than helping it in the long run. There are dozens of illegal drugs in the race horse industry. My main focus is five of them, Anabolic Steroids, Corticost Steroids, Milkshake, Lasiks and Aces(Gustafson, 2008). These drugs are used for many different things to build up muscle, take down swelling, to make a horse’s performance better, internal bleeding into the lungs, causing, what people call bleeders and to almost make then zone out, or not make them act all crazy. These drugs could be masking a very simple problem that could be fixed or making an even bigger problem

Before we jump into the main question, let's jump back to where it all started. Horse therapy dates back to around 600 b.c when the greeks rode horses for therapy. Later, in around 1946 equine therapy then was introduced in Scandinavia. Which then led to the North Americans beginning the handicapped riding which started around 1969. They soon recognized that riding horses or just being

Throughout the history of American Quarter horses the main issue of the industry is the extent amount of drug usage on horses. The use of drugs on horses can help for healing and speed up the time of injury recovering, yet most of the time drugs hurt the horses. Today, this abusive action has only increased since the founding of the association. Quarter horses are jeopardized by having drugs injected in them to gain endurance and speed, but people fail to mention the risks that can occur. Injecting horses with dangerous drugs can cause heart attacks that may cause death after their race.

Periodic Paralysis Syndrome is a blanket term for a couple of inherited muscular disorders. The most common types are hypokalemic periodic paralysis and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Both of these are inherited and generally present from childhood, tho it is possible for symptoms to start showing later in adolescence. In hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, high levels of potassium in the blood interact with genetically caused abnormalities in sodium channels (pores that allow the passage of sodium molecules) in muscle cells, resulting in temporary muscle weakness and, when severe, in temporary paralysis. This disease may be caused by genetic defects in either the calcium channel or the sodium channel. Hypokalemic disease may be caused by genetic defects in either the calcium channel or the sodium channel (Medline Plus).

“Doping and the inappropriate use of normal medications present a serious threat to the integrity and reputation of our sport, because they give athletes an unfair advantage and threaten the welfare of horses.”(FEI’s Clean Sport Campaign pg1) Federation Equestre Inerationale and several other animal welfare organizations have well-established regulations trying to create a more perfect sport. Because riding in shows is so competitive riders need to understand that showing isn’t always about winning but learning for the experience of showing.

Potomac Horse Fever, also known as “Ditch Fever” is a potentially fatal, non-contagious equine illness caused by the bacterium Neorickettsia risticii (formerly known as Erhlicia risticii) that was first identified in the United States in 1985. With little knowledge of its exact origin, the earliest discussion of symptoms was in the Eastern region in 1979. Additionally, PHF is also a “copy-cat” illness that often imitates symptoms of other diseases, which can lead to a misdiagnosis, which is why it is critical that horse owners understand the threat Potomac Horse Fever is and what procedures should take place to prevent, as well as treat, the illness.

Naylor J. May 1994. Equine hyperkalemic periodic paralysis: review and implications. Can Vet J. 35. 279-285.

While Impressive himself was HYPP negative, he has been genetically linked to being a HYPP carrier. Owners of horses descending from Impressive began to notice episodes of muscle twitching and paralysis. Early cases were often mistaken for tying up syndrome or colic. Tying up syndrome has similar signs as HYPP but the cause is not due to a genetic mutation, and colic is a broad term for abdominal discomfort. The AQHA and the University of California-Davis Equine Research Laboratory funded an early research project and found that the problem that the halter horse owners were seeing was linked to high levels of potassium in the blood. The University of Saskatchewan released a news report in 1992 stating that all of the HYPP affected horses descended from one sire: Impressive. Thousands of horses came from Impressive bloodlines and thus HYPP is also known as the “Impressive” line. Also in 1992, researchers confirmed through DNA testing that the horses within the Impressive line were carriers of

Since each horse is different they can show different types of symptoms. Some horses get many symptoms and others none. I’ve provided you a list that seems to be one of the most comprehensive I could find. This list is provided from an article by DVM Bentz Commissioner for the Kentucky Racing Commission.

In an effort to compare the different writing styles between a fiction and scholarly article, this student decided to compare a story published by theOnion titled “Pentagon Holds Gala to Celebrate 25 years of bombing Iraq” verses an article published by the NASW journal Social Work titled “Psychosocial Equine Program for Veterans”. To best illustrate the similarities and differences, this student will first recognize and substantiate the points of similarity followed by those of difference.

At Southeast Veterinary Neurology, we utilize a wide array of diagnostic tools, devices and procedures to determine exactly what ails your pet, so our veterinary neurologist can apply the appropriate remedy to make them healthy again. Electrodiagnostic studies are one of these tools, and they can give us important insights into the functioning of your pet's electrical activity and how this can tell us what's wrong with them.

The science behind evaluating racehorses is deciding which faults make a direct impact to the horse’s career. The requirements needed for a horse to succeed starts at the conformation of the foal/yearling. To which conformational faults are passed down from parents, however, faults may or may not have consequences to their racing career, and therefore different trainers/bloodstock agents may have different inceptions with regard to acceptable faults (TOBA, 2015).

However, in the second article on thehorse.com Christa Lesté-Lasserre mentions that “Researchers have never fully tested in a scientific setting the discomfort, stress, injury rates, respiratory difficulties, and back problems frequently attributed to hyperflexion, and thus, these factors can only be considered assumptions at this point, said Paul René van Weeren, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECVS, professor in the department of equine sciences at Utrecht University in the Netherlands” (Lesté-Lasserre, 2012). Lesté-Lasserre continues to claim that hyperflexion improves range of motion in the horses' backs, which could be beneficial. Finally, Lesté-Lasserre states that hyperflexion does cause airway obstruction but according to Weeren so does all non-natural

This assessment will explain what the role of the liver and pancreas is and how it aids digestion, including what they produce and how this makes the digestive system efficient. It will also include the interaction of the circulatory and respiratory systems during exercise and at rest and how they work separately and together. Lastly, it will discuss what could go wrong with these systems and how it will affect the horse.

Gaited horses, like the Tennessee walking horse, for example, are a special type of horse. Tennessee walking horses naturally have a higher step. That high gait decreases bouncing and makes a smooth ride for the rider. In walking horse shows, the horse with a highest gate wins the competition. This gate is known as the “Big Lick.” To produce an even higher gait, many trainers have used chains or special horse shoes that cause more pressure on the hooves of a horse. This practice is known as soring, when people cause pain to the lower legs and hooves of a horse to speed up the training for a high (Gang). Thoroughbreds are used for one of the most famous equine sports ever; horse racing. However, these fast horses have a secret that make them go even faster. Performance-enhancing drugs are used by veterinarians, trainers, and owners. This increases the horses speed, but the drugs are used way too often, and therefore damage the horses bones (Cohen). Whips are also a tool of encouragement in the racing industry. That is also hard to separate into black and white. One horse may shy away in fear from the whip, while