Introduction
Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large (American Marketing Association, 2013).Marketing ethics is a set of moral values and standards which pertain to marketing. Responsible companies will operate and regulate their marketing activities into compliance with the marketing ethics while those irresponsible one may not.
Background
Marlboro, the largest selling brand of cigarettes in the world, is made by Philip Morris International (PMI). It launched a series of new marketing campaign, which is called “Don't be a maybe”, aiming at young people across 50 countries in 2011. PMI tried to promote its products with advertisements that try to persuade the youth to smoke. For example, a poster in Switzerland showed a wild young woman on a high parapet overlooking a city as the sun sets and displayed a caption "A Maybe never reached the top". Another billboard in Germany shows the picture of a young girl with a cigarette in hand with the caption “Maybe never wrote a song”. Each advert in the "Don't be a Maybe" campaign ended with the command: "Be Marlboro" (Boseley, 2014). Certainly, Marlboro and PMI have violated marketing ethics in terms of deceptive promotion, cultural pollution and breaching societal marketing.
Deceptive Promotion
The posters designed by Marlboro showed young people apparently acting in
The American Marketing Association defines marketing as "an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders". (2005) Simply put, marketing is the process by which businesses assess the needs and desires of consumers in order to provide products and/or services to meet those needs in the most efficient and cost effective manner. Truly effective marketers do market research in an effort to understand their target market and create marketing strategies based on the characterization of those in the target area.
Marketing is composed of the performance of business activities, which direct the flow of goods and services from the manufacturers to the consumer. Bothe the advertising and marketing industries operate within federal regulations that are monitored by the federal trade commission. The advertisers have to be careful and act ethically taking extra care when making their adverts.
Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. (Approved October 2007) http://www.marketingpower.com/aboutama/pages/definitionofmarketing.aspx
Marketing is a very unique process that enables limitless methods or variations for an entity to appeal to a particular target market as well as to deter from a particular market. Marketing is used in more than just business; The kinds of clothes an individual wears and the attitude a person portrays can be used to market him or herself to the public for many reasons: Maybe to attract a woman a man is attracted to, possibly to impress the president of a company a person is interviewing for, and even to just create a base of his or her character in which other people will judge him or her by. Marketing is everywhere from the business side of the spectrum to relationships people have
Marketing – The process of creating, distributing, promoting, and pricing goods, services, and ideas to facilitate satisfying exchange relationships with customers and develop and maintain favorable relationships with stakeholders in a dynamic environment.
There was an ad where the couple enjoys a night cigarette wearing pyjamas. Of them retrieving a carton of king size Philip Morris from a wall safe, reminding the audience that Philip Morris is the best cigarette the viewers will ever have. All the characters smoked in I love Lucy and there's someone alway announcing they should smoke Philip Morris everyone pulls out a pack of Philip Morris, making sure the audience hears or see the
Marketing – is the process in which the producers of goods and services focus on satisfying the needs of the consumers. Also marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others.
This ad is fantasizing the American cowboy. The cowboy’s job is supposed to be hard and it is known to be dangerous. Marlboro plays on this idea and show the cowboy as a risk taker who is serious and ready to take on anything that may come his way. Generally anyone can logically summarize that since cowboys perform hard work they would be covered in dust or sweaty, but Marlboro man is fresh and clean. They use the fresh and clean image to appease the audience, they only need the audience to believe in the positive aspects of the cowboy. They want the audience, who aren’t all cowboy, to relate to this particular cowboy who is serious and mysterious. One idea that they provide the audience to relate to his is through the cigarette that he is
Every company depends on an efficient marketing program to fulfill customers' needs. Marketing is a process of finding out what the customer wants and meeting those requirements. Within the company, the marketing group has to consider customer values and customer satisfaction before considering offering a product. Marketing is part of our everyday world, and can be perceived everywhere and every time. At any time, everyone has been exposed to different kinds of marketing or advertising depending upon personal necessities such as T.V commercials, radio, internet, etc.
This problem of creating a trendy stylish image of cigarettes are hurting many people by recruiting new young smokers from all around the world, winning over sales due to the false image and then addiction. Third world countries are hurt the most by this unethical way of advertising because they don’t have money for this extra expense that they now need due to addiction. Critics claim that sophisticated promotions in a unsophisticated societies entice people who cannot afford the necessities of life to spend money on luxury- and a dangerous one at that. Every cigarette manufacturer is in the image business, and tobacco companies say their promotional slant is both reasonable and common. They point out that in the Third World a lot of people cannot understand what is written in the ads anyway, so the ads zero in on the more understandable visual image. Due to actions such as this and the negative effect it has on people economically and physically, this is a good example of how the tobacco industry is unethical.
Marketing is an essentially about marshalling the resources of the organization so that they can meet the changing needs of the customers on whom the organization depends. As a verb, marketing is all about how an organization addresses its markets. Marketing is “The management process which identifies, anticipates and supplies the customer requirements efficiently and profitability”.
Traditionally, many advertisements released by cigarette brands under the Philip Morris label have depicted happy people joined together in friendship (supposedly due to their common habit). Other advertisements attempted to associate cigarettes with sleek mystical figures, sometimes even sexually desirable ones. All this has changed, however, due to recent legal developments in which the cigarette giant was pressured to offer anti-smoking ads, in addition to the usual fictional ones depicting happy mannequins. In no way were they to advertise cigarettes, and they were mandated to help stop youth smoking. These requirements placed Philip Morris in a difficult situation. They needed to satisfy the
In general terms, marketing is all related to the places of buying and selling of goods and services to satisfy customers’ needs. Nowadays marketing is the most important issues for success of every business marketing is the activity, set of institution, and process for creating, communicating, delivering, and
Process-orientated framework, analyzing ethical problems in terms of the categories used by marketing specialists; Research, price, promotion, placement Specific issues in marketing ethics:
Marketing is a societal process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering and freely exchanging products and services of value with others.