John Jayasankar
AP Biology
Mr. Cross
Drug Paper
October 5, 2014
Viagra
History: Viagra also known as sildenafil citrate was originally synthesized at Pfizer headquarters in Sandwich, Kent, England by a group of pharmaceutical chemists in 1989. The two people who are attributed with creating sildenafil citrate, and who were consequently the most important in doing research and development on the drug were chemists Peter Dunn and Albert Wood. They originally composed this drug, sildenafil citrate, to help treat angina and high blood pressure, two symptoms that are usually indicative of coronary heart disease. The drug is classified as UK-92480. Later, in 1991, when the drug is patented by Dr. Nicholas Terrett, who is also referred to as “the father of Viagra”, sildenafil citrate received its modern name, Viagra. A few years afterward, in the early 1990s, Pfizer compiles several early test in order to prove Viagra’s capabilities in reducing angina and treating high blood pressure. These trials, however, prove that Viagra is not effective at treating this symptoms at all, although the trial patients were reporting ongoing erections after consuming Viagra. This got Pfizer thinking, and in March of 1998, Pfizer re-patents Viagra and the FDA approves it, and instead markets it as a drug to help people who are suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED), and this time Pfizer has research to back their claim. In the first year alone, over 40,000 prescriptions were written
For issue 1.4 the discussion explored the question of whether or not sexual problems should be treated pharmaceutically. Connie Newman advocated for pharmaceutical treatment while Anita Hoffer argued against. Connie Newman presented her argument with various research, referring to the DSM to support her argument that sexual problems were not only a psychological but also physiological problem. She also laid out a comprehensive timeline demonstrating how the sexual problems have been viewed and treated over the years, progressing from purely a psychological based treatment to VIAGRA being an accepted method of treatment for male patients with erectile dysfunction (McKee, 2013, p. 51). However she did recognize that treatments for women had not
In the video Escape Fire, I was so flabbergasted by the numbers and health outcomes we as a society have let our nation become. One of the most heart-wrenching evidence is, even though our health care industry is so expensive our health outcomes are the worse. 75% of disabilities and dead’s are preventable, according to the film.
Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, is used to treat patients with pulmonary hypertension. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of 3 different doses of sildenafil. The clinical importance of this study was to determine which dose of sildenafil was most effective in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
1. On balance, do you think Merck is an ethical and socially responsible company? Why or why not? How about Pfizer?
Sildenafil citrate is one of the drugs of choice for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It is a selective inhibitor of cGMP-PDE5 or the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase type 5. Since erectile dysfunction or impotence is estimated to affect more than 140 million men around the world, many tend to resort to medications such as this drug. More than half of these affected men have physical or medical issues that lead to their impotence such as diabetes, and urological, neurological and circulatory conditions.
After a series of successful medicine permitted for the erectile disfunction or the so-referred to as impotence(we could take as an instance Sildenafil, known as "viagra, offered for the reason that 1998 and Vardenafil, also called "Levitra", observed in pharmacies seeing that late August 2003), an extra remedy was created so as to entire the form of those merchandise and allow persons to opt for: this today's remedy is tadafil (its industrial identify is Cialis and could were purchased on account that November 2003).
The dependency of profits to promote sales to please shareholders and research and development of new products seem to be the mindset of the pharmaceutical industry. It is without question that the pharmaceutical companies only care about making a profit more than they do to help the people of the United States. Pharmaceutical companies and doctors that represent them are only acting in their own best interest; patients are the ones who are suffering the most. With that, new information being produced it is not always being fully disclosed in the fine print, or the other option to the drugs they take, this just only helps fuel business’s.
Similar to sildenafil, tadalafil may be prescribed for treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Tadalafil is marketed as Cialis for ED, and as Adcirca for PAH. Adcirca is prescribed as a 40mg dose (taken as two, 20mg tablets) by mouth, every day in the treatment of PAH. Patient compliance may be better with tadalafil compared to sildenafil since oral dosing frequency is 1x daily vs. 3x daily respectively due to Tadalafil’s longer half-life. As a PDE-5 inhibitor, Adcirca has similar ocular side effects to sildenafil including cyanopsia, chromatopsia, and blurred vision. Non-AION has also been reported in some patients taking Adcirca, though these patients had predisposing risk factors including a smaller disc, age > 50 years old, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking. However, a direct link between PDE-5 inhibitor use and Non-AION has not been found. Patients meeting this patient profile should be informed of their increased risk of developing NAION if using a PDE-5 inhibitor (“Adcirca (Tadalafil)-Uses, Dosage, Side
As we all know, Viagra is prescribed as a form of treatment for erectile dysfunction in men (Findlay p42). This drug also has a very bad side effect, causing hypertension in the pulmonary artery. What’s bad about this drug amongst many others is that people tend to focus on the positive attributes of a drug than the very bad side effects that can be present (Findlay p42).
Students need to be able to identify and understand medicine side effects. Whole body health and the relationship between physical and mental health will also be explored in the study of this case. The impact of erectile dysfunction and whether or not it is a serious medical condition that warrants such attention. Students need to understand of the importance of medical professionals ability to communicate and receive communication from and with patients in order to best understand their problems. Students should also become familiar with the dangerous trend of over-medicating patients instead of simple diet and lifestyle alterations.
The first reason is that they are sterile. Being sterile is a thing that can happen to women, men, or other. That just means that you cannot have children. The second reason is being barren. Being barren can happen to women; that just means that your body is unable to make or produce offspring. The last reason that most adults are not able to have children is just because of the age, although Viagra does work just fine. Viagra (sildenafil) is used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It is a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor. Common side effects of Viagra include facial flushing, headaches, stomach pain, nasal congestion, nausea, diarrhea, and an inability to differentiate between the colors green and blue. If you are erect for more than four hours, contacts a doctor immediately, infrequent effects of Viagra are Problems with Eyesight, Inflammation of the Lining of the Stomach and Intestines, Problem with Ejaculation, etc. if yours works down there, then congratulations. If you an adult does adopt a child they have to make sure that they are very good parents, if they are not ready to become parents and take the responsibility on then they should really take classes. You don’t want to become the parents of Teddy and almost kill your child that will make you have a bad reputation, if you do want to adopt a child though you need to take a background check so that if you have a very bad past then you might not be
With a potential total of 150M men worldwide (30M in the United States alone) suffering from medical Erectile Dysfunction, there is a wide range of factors identified as the potential causes:
Erectile dysfunction’ is the failure to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual experience. It affects 150 million men globally. In March1998, Viagra (Sildenafil) was the first oral medication approved for use in ‘erectile dysfunction. Viagra had a very successful launch with a total of 600,000 prescriptions filled in the first month (April 1998), and instantly became a phenomenon for ED patients. Unfortunately, after six months Viagra suffered a huge setback when the FDA received reports of 130 deaths of patients taking Viagra; over half the incidents were cardiovascular related. Viagra
With its notably successful launch, Viagra’s brand name immediately became the common noun for the symptom it said it would treat. Its recognition far transcended the circles of ED patients and the medical industry. It quickly mushroomed into a cultural phenomenon, becoming the subject of dinner-table conversations and late-night television comedy. Viagra had a huge impact on
They could have chosen a compete strategy which would have the pharmaceutical product go head to head up against their main competitor Pfizer’s Viagra. Finally, they could have chosen a beat strategy, where the option is to come up with a different positioning in order to reach a broader market.