The music of the troubadours and the trobairitz flourished from the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries. Their lyrics are frequently referred to as the origin of modern European literature and some of the finest European poetry. The Middle Ages was a period in which religious music was far more commonly accepted. Nonetheless, the troubadours and the trobairitz were able to rise to prominence and have a significant influence on music and literature for several centuries. During their prime, they popularized the concept of fin amor along with several genres such as canso, pastourelle, and salut d’amor. The troubadours and trobairitz also utilized uncommon subjects and made them acceptable. Themes such as courtly love and chivalry in music/poetry …show more content…
Unlike the troubadours, the only known women composers were members of the nobility or members of the Church. The trobairitz were unique because of their opportunities to perform and compose. Perhaps the troubadour tradition of uplifting women, even if only for sexual desires, contributed to women being able to participate. They are the first known secular female composers and a “testimony of the ways aristocratic women in Southern France were able to participate fully in the game and life of poetry.” The trobairitz, though not always known specifically by name, differed from the troubadours in several ways and were equally important. “Scholars have often remarked that one of the major differences between [troubadour lyric] and [trobairitz] lyric is the latter’s sensuous expression of desire.”4 Anonymous trobairitz are referred to as domnas. Very few are known by name, but the lyrical style of the trobairitz is easily identifiable nonetheless. The third stanza of Azalais de Porcairagues’s canso “Ar em al freg temps vengut” exemplifies how many trobairitz preferred to feel superior to their lovers, whereas troubadours frequently praised the women they referred to in their lyrics. According to Songs of the Women Troubadours, the third stanza …show more content…
By writing their own songs about courtly love they were able to proclaim what they desired and/or deserved. Trobairitz style was consistent with the troubadours because they both tended to refer to women as the superior sex. However, unlike many troubadours, the trobairitz were not referring to themselves as superior for sexual or aesthetic purposes. Porcairagues states that a woman who purposely seeks a relationship with a man of wealth was a dishonor; love should be pure. This exemplifies a stark difference between several examples of troubadour poetry and this particular example of trobairitz poetry. It is especially significant that she was concerned with love being pure during a period in which marriage was a social contract meant to increase or maintain wealth or status. The emphasis on love demonstrates how both the troubadours and the trobairitz embraced the concept of courtly
During the early 1930s Movies, Music and Art had a major role during the Great Depression. Despite all the hardships in the 1930s, people were enthralled by the entertainment provided during this time period. It was extremely exciting and it had a huge impact on peoples daily lives. It would also take people out of the dark times, and to a much happier place. Some people were so impacted by the Great Depression, that they began to lose hope until Movies, Music, and Art spoke to the people of our society.
During the 1900s, passion of composing music arose and encouraged many young teens to create garage bands and elder to perceive music as career. Famous musicians like Robert Johnson, Bill Monroe, and Elvis Presley were seeking the same. Although many were composing songs, most of them adapted their own versions from many which created a list of similarities and differences between them. Most commonly similar were themes or forms yet some differentiated in delivery style or instrumentation. Many artists got more creative and used similar instruments but give a twist into the sound play. This can be seen in the script or heard in the audio of the songs “Walkin’ Blues” and “Blue Moon of Kentucky” like many others.
The Courtier, originally written as a “courtesy book”, can now be considered to provide significant insight into the norms and practices associated with courtship and gender during the Renaissance era. The book’s third volume is a particularly insightful window into 16th century romantic ideals. Throughout Book Three, Baldassare Castiglione builds an elaborate perspective on what makes the perfect court lady, what sexual and social behavior is acceptable, and how an ideal couple (both courtier and court lady) should function.
Troubadours and Trouvères were introduced in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. After Henri de Malines delivered secular music, French nobles composed a high amount of secular music called troubadours and trouvères. A troubadours and Trouvères melody does not indicate a rhythm but does have a beat.
Throughout history, music has evolved and branched off into many different categories, each of which have distinct styles and orchestrations; there is classical music that is centuries old and today there is modern contemporary music that is often synthesized or played with electronic instruments. There are also many ways that the two styles can cross over each other; this is seen in popular music and a lot of video game music. Though many people cannot see any similarities between modern and classical music, modern music is really an evolution of classical music; the roots of modern music go back to classical era.
To effectively support this argument, it is vital to analyze different aspects of love as discussed by Beauvoir in her account of The Woman in Love. The first basis of this narrative portrays man as a superior being to whom an inferior has to submit. He is a god in his woman’s eyes modeled just a little lower than the angels . While the man occupies his rightful status as a god, the woman is deemed as the worshipper. Both eventually become the other’s prisoner. In this vulnerability, women are ready to submit completely to their husbands whose image they hold in high regard.
From the works of the French Aquitanian and Champagnian troubadours, the framework/ideals of fin amour grew and spread throughout Europe, reaching the courts of Britain. As the conception of fin amour became increasingly popular amongst the literature of the aristocracy, writers such as, Andreas Capellanus wrote of the stages and rules of courtly love. Inspired by this movement in the culture and literature of court, the poet Marie de France composed a collection of romantic lays. In the “Breton Lays”, Marie presents her narratives as a guide for courtly lovers. For, each lay exhibits the problems, consequences, and rewards that can occur if a lady or knight does/or does not follow the three principles of fin amour which, as explained by the scholars Jeri S. Guthrie (1976) and F.R.P Akehurst (1995), include mezura (to have self-restraint and patience in love, to have discretion within an affair), joven (to be spontaneous in love, to woo with grand gestures and gifts), and cortezia (to follow the moral and societal rules of court).
Theodor Adorno was an important member of the Frankfurt School, which developed ideas of critical theory and cultural Marxism. Adorno adopted a Marxists approach in his work, especially among his work as a musicologist, seeing propaganda within popular music. He saw music as thought provoking and believed that it prevented its listeners from having real thought, he wanted people to challenge the way they listened to popular music. In his article On Popular Music, which he had written in 1941, Adorno speaks about how he believed there were two spheres of music, popular and serious music. About the standardisation in popular music, in which it followed certain patterns which created pseudo-individualism. Also on how popular music affects its listeners in different ways compared to serious music. As a Marxist philosopher, Adorno was an idealist for the idea of capitalism, also as a Marxist sociologist he had an understanding of society and the idea of there being two different classes in all aspects of culture and society.
The music of America has become very diverse, as it should be, with each person taking and bringing influences from styles of music in the US and all over the world to create new blends. With the amount of people in the music industry today a musician who has a different sound than anybody else will definitely turn a few heads. Some make it bigger than others, but the music tends to hold a particular sound, especially if the singer uses their roots as an influence in the music.
Katherine Bergeron’s book, Voice Lessons: French Mélodie in the Belle Epoque, approaches French art song in a new and unique way, making it an invaluable resource for art song scholars and performers alike. Bergeron’s goals for this book are primarily abstract in nature; she aims to tell a story “about that French sound, both what it was and how it got that way” (viii). To achieve her vision, Bergeron examines the mélodie through a variety of different lenses, including musical, vocal, aural, linguistic, literary, scientific, philosophical, and cultural angles.
Music not only has issues in discrimination and racism but also in religion. In an article by Lake State Publications (2002), the transformation of music started during the early Christian era. It said that only Gregorian Chants were recognized in sacred ceremonies. However, secular and non-religious songs became rampant when the church had an unlikely encounter with the French Nobles called troubadours causing them to write the very first secular songs and ask the ministers to sing them to the public. Secular music continued to gain importance to the masses and vocal music became more important
This performance meanders through a selection of secular songs dating from the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Baroque periods. Music is performed in chronological order, with samplings from the beginning, middle and end of each period. Changes in vocal arrangements, instruments, mood and style all shift as the audience is led through centuries of musical innovation and revolution. “Music Through the Ages” begins with A l'entrada del temps clar (When the Clear Days Come), an anonymous secular song written by early troubadours in the Middle Ages. Troubadours were poet musicians living in Southern France from the eleventh through thirteenth centuries, and spoke Occitan, a Romance language still spoken in parts of the region today.
My musical knowledge extends only over a small portion of today’s popular culture’s artists; I used this class as an opportunity to broaden my horizons. On March 23rd, I attended a live lecture recital performance produced by Rutgers’ own Reid Masters, the Assistant Director of the Glee Club. His credentials include a Bachelor of Music and a Master’s degree, both from Princeton University, and both of which were concentrated in Sacred Music. As a doctoral candidate for the Doctor of Musical Arts Degree at Rutgers University, Masters designed a lecture and conducted a recital concentrated on German organist and composer Heinrich Schutz’s work; Schutz created the Musikalische Exequien for the funeral service of Prince Henry II of Reuss. In order to achieve the sound that Schutz envisioned, Masters recreated Schutz’s choir and instrumentals in
Though Norway has a small population of only 5.3 million inhabitants, its musical culture is just as rich as many other countries. From classical and folk, to blues, country, electronic, hip hop, pop, rock, and metal, Norway’s traditions contribute to all of them. Although Scandinavia is often overlooked, it has a strong influence on all of the world’s music today. Archaeological digs have shed light on some unknown history of Norwegian music by revealing artifacts including instruments such as the lur. The lur, having been seen on ancient Scandinavian rock paintings, is a five- to eight-foot-long bronze blowing horn. Having been found in Norway, Denmark, South Sweden, and even Northern Germany, these instruments are cast into many
The first being songs trobar clus which characteristically were love songs of serious nature. This division is the more popular of the two and consists of songs types like the canso, plahn, and tenso. A keen example of not only a typical troubadour song, but also one that includes the trobar clus canso is Comtessa de Dia written in the second half of the twelve century found in the Anthology of Music in Western Civilization. First of all, it is clear to see that it is a troubadour canso through musical analysis. The song is set to a modified strophic form and is homophonic in nature. The melody is mostly stepwise, with the only melodic skip being a third, and its range is only of a 6th. Comtessea de Dia is also clearly in mode 1, with the note A being its tenor, and ending on a D as its