The Ketogenic Diet for Bipolar Patients
By E Fiske-Jorgensen | Submitted On July 30, 2013
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Expert Author E Fiske-Jorgensen
Ketone bodies are three different biochemicals that are produced as by-products when fatty acids broken down for energy.Two of the three are used as a source of energy for the brain. Neurotransmitters (such as serotonin and dopamine) work by changing these membrane potentials in various ways. Neurotransmitters can open ion channels, allowing sodium to enter the cell and causing a wave of electrical impulse that travels along the neuron. This is the problem in bipolar patients, especially with the neurotransmitters of seratonin and dopamine. The synapse region does not allow a message from one neuron to pass to another neuron correctly, making one react to a situation in an inappropriate manner, sometimes with little inhibition.
When a person is in a ketogenic state, the electrical impulses that pass from one neuron to another are opened up by the mediation of sodium. It allows extracellular calcium to pour into the cell, which leads to the release of the neurotransmitters of seratonin and dopamine into the synapse
In the DA pathway of a normal person, a transmitting neuron releases dopamine (a neurotransmitter), which then binds to dopamine receptors on the receiving neuron; an action potential is then propagated in the receiving neuron. (4). After this has occurred, the dopamine reuptake transporters (DATs) of the transmitting cell pump the dopamine back into the cell to be used again.
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Neurotransmitters are substances that are produced by neurons and are transferred chemically. Once an axon releases these substances the action potential moves through the axon into the terminal branch where they are kept and then released. This helps neurons pass impulses to other
Seizures are the result of hyperexcitation and synchronization of firing neurons. Neurons are made up of the cell body, the axon, and dendrites. The cell body contains the nucleus and other cellular organelles. The axon conducts information, and the dendrites and the cell body receive the information from the other neurons. The communication between the neurons I polarized and occurs at sites of contact point called synapses. The neurons release chemical substances called neurotransmitters (chemical messengers of the brain). There are some excitatory and some inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain. The main excitatory neurotransmitter is glutamate, and the main inhibitory neurotransmitter is gamma-aminobutyric acid. A tight balanced is maintained
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis, oxidizes tyrosine into dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). DA is formed through the action of DOPA carboxylase after decarboxylation. By side-chain hydroxylation, the dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) converts DA to NE in the synaptic vesicles where NE is stored and released. DA and NE are the most abundant catecholamines in the brain and are involved in many key functions such as locomotion, learning, cognition, anxiety and drug addiction (Jaber et al. 1996; Weinshenker and Schroeder 2007; Park et al.
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