English as a language has been designated as having a global ranking (Crystal 1997), (Northrup 2013), (Mckenzie 2010). A language that is deemed as having a global status is clarified by Crystal (2003, p.3) as ‘one that achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognised in every country’. Due to this prestigious standing that English has attained, it is unsurprising that many are keen to acquire it across the world. This is also supported by Wyse, Andrews and Hoffman (2010, P.398) who state ‘English is much more favoured over the other official languages as a second language’. As many learners are acquiring English in the context of a second or foreign language, the discussion over utilising the learner’s first language in the process remains a contentious subject (Brown, 2000). This assignment will provide an overview of perceptions from differing approaches in regards to the use of the L1 in language education, along with arguments in support and against the same.
Background of L1 in language teaching.
The precise role that can be played by the learner’s first language (L1) in the process of acquiring a second language has not been explicitly agreed upon. However, the issue of whether to utilise the L1 in the classroom has remained at the forefront in the English language teaching arena. Mattioli (2004, P.21) highlights that ‘most teachers tend to have opinions about native language use, this can depend largely on their training and in
Is it really necessary to have English as the official language? U.S has been trying to find the answer for this question for a long time. And they still didn’t come up with an answer. Presently, there are 23 states that actually wanted to have English as the official language. And it’s still not enough. I agree that there are some benefits for having an official language but we should also consider the disadvantages that are more than advantages.
Language is one of the most important tools people use in the United States of America, where language is the key that opens the door to all opportunities in this country –that can either unite or break our nation apart. The first time Congress proposed to designate English as the official language of the United States was in 1981, where Senator S.I Hayakawa, from California believed that English unified the American people. Hayakawa believed that bilingual education in the public school system was a threat to the nation itself, where language acted as a barrier that divide us a result of the friction between the public and minority language. Many states soon after, began to institute English-only law that restricted the use if other languages
The english language is something hard to comprehend most of the time. Lots of people in the United States but really for the immigrates. It could have people looking uneducated without learning it. Tan’s challenges herself by looking past the stereotypes of Asians & math and became an English major. I myself have had some difficulty with the english language.
The United States school systems have tried and still to this day, find ways to help Immigrants to assimilate into the culture and the language of the country. Teachers spend countless hours trying to stay within the curriculum, while teaching English language learners to stay par with their peers who are native to the country. One way to help students assimilate the second language would be to utilize the student’s first language to teach a second language. All the while there are some pros and cons to this approach.
Everyone has a different interpretation of the word, “invention”. However the word is simply defined as; a new device, method of process developed from study and experimentation. An invention is just a mental fabrication; it’s a falsehood (Dictionary.com 2013).1 Although in the essays, “Why I write” by Joan Didion, “Life in a new Language” by Eva Hoffman, and “Basmati Rice: An Essay about Words” by Audrey Thomas, each author has their own view on the English language, how they each began inventing their own writing styles, and also their reasons for why they chose to become writers. These are the three things that make their definitions of invention very particular and their own.
I feel very amazed and amuse to focus on this topic .“Hinglish” is the innovative enthusiasm that I have found and it's relatively addictive. It's a bliss to learn such innovative things . Communities in urban areas don't speak in English except they consider it confidently . Unless & untill ,they feel comfortable , then only they start speaking and this process can take up to several years. So what they do is start adding up English words in their Hindi
Teaching a second language always has its unique challenges, unlike teaching other subjects, in which instruction is in the learners’ first language. English, being an international language is taught across, most, if not all modern day nations. It is not only important for personal communication and professional growth but also for socialization in a world that is increasingly globalized (Fujimoto-Adamson, p. 259). English language education in international or foreign countries often faces myriad challenges. Japan is not spared by these challenges associated with teaching and learning English as a foreign or second language. These challenges are encountered at all levels of teaching English in Japan, including kindergarten, primary schools, high schools, colleges and universities (Fujimoto-Adamson, p. 259).
Globalization has also contributed to an increasing interest in English-language education worldwide. In response to the emergence of English as a world-linking, global language, an increasing number of schools have stepped up English–language requirements, even at undergraduate levels. The argument is that a universal teaching language is necessary as a natural consequence of globalization.
Dictionaries are a part of us, a part of life. The Oxford English Dictionary shares a space on my shelf along with the other fascinating theories of The English Language. Samuel Johnson, a great man, published the first Oxford Dictionary in 1755. After so many years of hard work, why are we trying to ruin our native language through text talk? This dictionary is not only a few pages of words; in fact, it is more useful than any other tool could ever be. Reasons to our language variation can be due to several situations such as: politics, media, education, war and technology. [1]
In why a Global Language, author David Crystal explains what a global language is, how English has become the global language of today, and also why it is important for the world to have a global language.
It is in the earliest parts of life that we begin to categorize the world around us. To a child, a being that sprouts from the earth to reach toward the sun is considered a tree; a large mass of liquid that changes its colors to match the sky and smells of salt is the ocean. We apply simple terms to everything, so that we may easily communicate our thoughts to our peers. As I have grown older, it has become a habit to look back on life and in doing so, I have noticed that the users of the English language attempt great lengths to apply a word to remarkably complex of subjects. They are not, however, able to perform the same task with themselves. We as people tend to gravitate toward others with similar characteristics, whether it be a face or place; it can be said of both the older generation and its younger counterpart. As the eldest child of my family, I was expected to reach a high standard throughout life. And with no other options, that is what I did. They’d brag about how brilliant I was; how I’d read and write religiously; how I was such a good girl and far more mature than others my age. I devoured my parents’ praise like it was my only source of sustenance. Soon, my world revolved around the satisfaction that came with their pride in me. So when I was a child trying to find my place in the world, it was quite natural for me to fall into the welcoming arms of those who shared my characteristics. The same can be said of all elementary-aged children. For several, it
America was founded on the principle of freedom and independence. According to the First Amendment, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech.” Nonetheless, the U.S Naturalization Test requires the applicant to be able to speak and understand English in order to pass. Is the United States naturalization test defying the ultimate law of the land? Or are there exceptions to the first amendment?
The English language has always been an important part of our history. It was taken from from England and developed into our current spoken and written language. Throughout the centuries it has been processed and changed to fit to our needs and of course it has been taught. Teachers have helped produce our current version of English, it has been taught from generation to generation and I would even say, without teachers our written and spoken form wouldn’t be as complex as it is now. In the 1960s, teaching was one of the few jobs that women could go into. Those that were considered the brightest and the best had only few choice beside going into teaching and nursing. But today, the best and brightest won’t go into teaching because they can become lawyers, doctors, or engineers. In the past they became teachers because it was their only option, not because it was appealing job. Teachers are an important role in society, even if they aren’t paid well enough, and are considered as minority. The reason why I am talking about this is because I want to become a high school english teacher, with a double minor in literature and french. English is an important subject at school, it helps improve the vocabulary and grammar of students. Reading the required books in the English has always been my favorite part of class. I have always loved to read and look forward each year to read the books in the curriculum. All the teachers I had over the years for this subject were nice and
With increased globalization, it has become highly relevant and valuable not only in the education and labor market, but also in modern society to have good command of more than two languages in addition to one’s native language (cf. Gehring, 2010). Consequently, various forms of foreign language learning and teaching have become common worldwide, and language courses are offered in school, university, and in the workforce. In particular, English, French, and Spanish as foreign languages have been dominating in school systems around Europe (cf. Decke-Cornill & Küster, 2010). The world language and lingua franca English is widely used for international communication; no one can deny its spread and success (cf. Crystal, 2003). The mastery
English is a lingua franca (ELF) where the use of English language is a “common language between speakers whose native languages are different” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary 2015). However, this does not mean that ELF interactions are speaking what is considered proper English, but whether or not they effectively communicate. This does not exclude native speakers, but rather it places emphasis on the interactions between persons of different mother tongues and cultural backgrounds. While other scholars argue that ELF neutrality is cultural free or not (House 2003), Hülmbauer (2007) views it as multicultural because “it seems likely that the ELF users develop their own markers of identity (be they of a common ‘European’ or ‘international’ nature or more individual ones which are created online, depending on the community of practice they are emerging in).”